Final exam Straighter line microbiology 100% SOLUTION 2023//2024

Final exam Straighter line microbiology 100% SOLUTION 2023//2024 In the nitrogen cycle, which of the following steps involves removal of nitrogen from the atmosphere by bacteria? - ANSWER Nitrogen Fixation If enough H+ ions are added to pure water to raise the H+ concentration of the solution to ten times higher than the original concentration, what is the resulting OHconcentration of the solution? - ANSWER 10-8 M Fungi are able to reproduce asexually by creating conidiospores and sporangiospores. Which of the following is an accurate explanation for why it is advantageous that they are also capable of sexual reproduction? - ANSWER Offspring from two parents may have variations in form and function that contribute to survival of the species. In a laboratory bacterial cell culture that has been infected by a virus, plaques are areas in which... - ANSWER the virus has spread and left behind the remains of dead cells. The sun's energy is delivered as discrete packets that travel as waves and are called - ANSWER Photons What is a characteristic of aerobic respiration? - ANSWER The process includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. In completing protein synthesis in a prokaryote, what basic message is carried by a specialized codon that has no corresponding tRNA? - ANSWER "Terminate here." Microbial drug resistance can be caused by mutations or by introduction of new genes into a population. Which of the following can only be caused by the introduction of new genes into a population? - ANSWER new enzymes that inactivate the drug are synthesized Why do the hands, feet, and breasts have more lymphatic vessels for host defense than other areas of the human body? - ANSWER They have a high risk for infection due to frequent contact. Penicillin functions as an antimicrobial agent by inhibiting bacterial... - ANSWER cell wall synthesis. Which class of eukaryotic microorganisms can be subdivided into groups such as Mastigophora, Sarcodina, Ciliophora, and Apicomplexa? - ANSWER Protozoa Genetic material can be excised from one chromosome and directly integrated into another via... - ANSWER transposons What immune cell secretes numerous cytokines that help to coordinate the response of other immune cells? - ANSWER TH cell What enzymes are used to amplify DNA during PCR? - ANSWER DNA polymerase Which of the following is a scientific name? - ANSWER Streptococcus pyogenes Eosin-methylene blue agar, or EMB, is a commonly used bacteriological medium for growing gram-negative bacteria from complex environments. It contains two dyes, eosin and methylene blue, as well as the sugar lactose. Eosin is a pH indicator that changes color when the medium is acidic, while methylene blue inhibits the growth of most grampositive bacteria. If an organism consumes lactose, acid will be produced, causing the bacterial colonies to change color. Based upon this description, this medium is ______ - ANSWER differential and selective A diagram of the three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) proceeding from the Last Universal Common Ancestor would show Archaea - ANSWER branching off the Domain Eukarya. In the cell cytoplasm, molecules of ATP are a - ANSWER solute The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses. - ANSWER nosepiece Characteristics shared by all cells include - ANSWER the presence of cellular fluid, the possession of genetic information, and a membrane serving as a cell boundary. Anything that occupies space and mass is called... - ANSWER matter Trees of life illustrate the phylogenetic relationships of all organisms were traditionally based on _____; newer methods for determining phylogeny rely on _____. - ANSWER Morphology; nucleic acid sequences Covalent bonds - ANSWER result from sharing electrons One nucleotide contains one - ANSWER phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrogen base Among the types of microorganisms, the ___. are noncellullar - ANSWER viruses Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of ____ - ANSWER Bioremediation C6H12O6+C6H12O6---> C12H22O11+H2O - ANSWER a dehydration synthesis Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms? - ANSWER Taxonomy Which type of medium would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria from a clinic to a laboratory for testing? - ANSWER Transport-meduim Which activity is an example of biotechnology? - ANSWER Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then boiled and cooled? - ANSWER A solid medium Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of... - ANSWER repeating monomers A reducing medium contains - ANSWER substances that remove oxygen Which of the following parts of a microscope magnifies the specimen to produce a real image of the specimen? - ANSWER Objective lens The two major groups of helminths are ___ and the ___ - ANSWER roundworm; flatworms All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except - ANSWER located between the capsid and nucleic acid A protozoan having flagellum would be classified in the genus - ANSWER Trypanosoma Antiviral drugs are often difficult to develop, largely because - ANSWER viruses are obligate intracellular parasites so the drugs must enter the host cell and often cause toxic side effects in order to destroy the virus The activation of a prophage is called... - ANSWER induction