REC 2100 Final Exam 2023 with complete solution
Toursim requires people with what?
1. ability- $ and time
2. mobility- transport
3. motivation- desire and determination to travel
What is pre-industrial historical development?
travel was traded, festivals, curiosity
What are the 3 major civ...
REC 2100 Final Exam 2023 with complete solution
Toursim requires people with what?
1. ability- $ and time
2. mobility- transport
3. motivation- desire and determination to travel
What is pre-industrial historical development?
travel was traded, festivals, curiosity
What are the 3 major civilizations that dominated in pre-industrial?
1. egyption influence- large cities, central gov't
2.greek influence- language spread, developed currency exchange
3. roman influence- developed road and water ways for transport, growth of large
middle class, roman currency, communication, legal system
What is Renaissance in historical development?
-rural to urban shift
-wealth accumulation-> $ to travel
-travel to learn
what is Le Grand Tour in historical development?
-travel with tutors/ambassadors
-development of elite class of statesman
-educational component
-ended with French Revolution
What is the Industrial Revolution in historical development?
-working class with income and week-long holiday pay
-steam engine development= trains and boats
-continued rural to urban shift
-Thomas Cook= largest travel agency
What are the 12 Reasons for Tourism's Growth?
1. advancements in transport system
2. advancements in media
3. intro of computer system
4. internet and e-commerce
5. better educational system
6. more disposable income
7. more stressful lifestyles
8. declining cost of travel
9. better marketing and promotions
10. common world-wide currency
11. easing of gov't travel restrictions
12. political stability and tourism go hand in hand
List and define the tourism sector?
1. transportation- in and around destination
2. accommodation- forms of lodging
3. food and beverage- largest sector, food service and drink
4. attractions- permanent sites that educate & entertain
5. events- temporary activities for short period of time
,6. adventure tourism & outdoor recreation- activities that produce physical interaction
b/w visitors and envi.
7. travel services- support services that work with customers providing info, packages,
sales service
8. tourism service- support service that work with tourism business providing funding,
research, education, consults, networking opportunities
Define tourism?
activities of persons travelling to and staying in a place outside their envir. for not more
than 1 consecutive year for leisure, business, or other purposes
What are the International Organizations?
-World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
-World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)
-International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
-International Air Transport Association (IATA)
List the Canadian Organizations for Tourism Organizations?
-Destination Canada (DC)
-Tourism HR Canada
-Tourism Industry Association of Canada (TIOC)
What are the different types of tourism terminology?
-domestic tourist= person travelling in country & stay 24h. at least 20km from home
-excursionist= person travels 40km from home, stay 24h. not committed to work, school,
part of transportation
-travel deficit= residents of a country spend more $ abroad than foreign visitors spend in
that country
-multiplier affect= residence that returned & cycled thru economy
-leakage= community can't support influence of tourists and must import workers and
goods in order to sustain industry
What are the classification of guests?
-purpose of trip: leisure travel
=travel is discretionary & so is affected by discretionary time & income as well as fam.
life stage
=+ # of 2 income fam. to increase # of shorter trips
-demographics: includes age, occupation, gender, place of residence, income,
education, married
=generalize how guests will behave
=help business determine facilities and services
-psychographics: uses motives of behavior to categorize guests
=understand activities, interests, opinions, personalities, life stages of guests
What is the father of psychographics?
Stanley Pole= classify people according to psychographic types along the psychoactive
allocative continuum
Why do people travel?
-have little motivational theory (ask why went there?)
-tend to do research after the fact (after someone's trip)
What is the diagram for satisfier of needs and motives?
needs or motives-> behavior or activity-> goals or satisfaction-> feedback
, What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
-self-actualization
-ego (self esteem, self respect)
-social (love, affection, belonging)
-safety (home, job)
-physiological needs (food, water)
What are the travel motivators of Maslow?
social needs= need for companionship and belonging; most common motivator
ego needs= need to feel important or special; needs of acceptance by friends, relatives,
colleagues; belief that travel may confer status
What do McIntosh and Goeldner think?
-physical motivators= health and activity related
-cultural motivators= desire to know and learn about culture, art, food, architecture of
other people
-interpersonal motivators= escape from family & friends; desire to visit family & friends
-status and prestige motivators= need for recognition, enhance reputation
What's the difference between Epperson's push and pull factors?
-push: pushed by intangible forces (needs, motivations, ways of thinking) that arise from
within us
-pull: pulled by external forces that draw visitors to a destination (eg: friends, sports
events, ect.)
What is Destination Canada's EQ?
-Explorer Quotient (EQ)
-goes beyond the usual demographics; EQ examines people's motivations and attitudes
behind their travel decisions
-how it works: travelers take online quiz that reveals their "explorer type", then tourism
business can offer a matching vacation to deliver a toursim product experience
What are the 8 Barriers to Travel?
-cost
-lack of time
-accessibility, distance or ease of travel
-health and disabilities
-travel tastes and experience
-education
-age
-FEAR
What are the stages of travel experience?
-anticipation
-planning
-travel to site
-participation
-returning
-recollection
What is tourism illiteracy?
the condition of not knowing or understanding the benefits of the tourism industry
What are the benefits of tourism?
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