REC 2100 Final Exam 2023 with complete solution
Toursim requires people with what?
1. ability- $ and time
2. mobility- transport
3. motivation- desire and determination to travel
What is pre-industrial historical development?
travel was traded, festivals, curiosity
What are the 3 major civilizations that dominated in pre-industrial?
1. egyption influence- large cities, central gov't
2.greek influence- language spread, developed currency exchange
3. roman influence- developed road and water ways for transport, growth of large
middle class, roman currency, communication, legal system
What is Renaissance in historical development?
-rural to urban shift
-wealth accumulation-> $ to travel
-travel to learn
what is Le Grand Tour in historical development?
-travel with tutors/ambassadors
-development of elite class of statesman
-educational component
-ended with French Revolution
What is the Industrial Revolution in historical development?
-working class with income and week-long holiday pay
-steam engine development= trains and boats
-continued rural to urban shift
-Thomas Cook= largest travel agency
What are the 12 Reasons for Tourism's Growth?
1. advancements in transport system
2. advancements in media
3. intro of computer system
4. internet and e-commerce
5. better educational system
6. more disposable income
7. more stressful lifestyles
8. declining cost of travel
9. better marketing and promotions
10. common world-wide currency
11. easing of gov't travel restrictions
12. political stability and tourism go hand in hand
List and define the tourism sector?
1. transportation- in and around destination
2. accommodation- forms of lodging
3. food and beverage- largest sector, food service and drink
4. attractions- permanent sites that educate & entertain
5. events- temporary activities for short period of time
,6. adventure tourism & outdoor recreation- activities that produce physical interaction
b/w visitors and envi.
7. travel services- support services that work with customers providing info, packages,
sales service
8. tourism service- support service that work with tourism business providing funding,
research, education, consults, networking opportunities
Define tourism?
activities of persons travelling to and staying in a place outside their envir. for not more
than 1 consecutive year for leisure, business, or other purposes
What are the International Organizations?
-World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
-World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)
-International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
-International Air Transport Association (IATA)
List the Canadian Organizations for Tourism Organizations?
-Destination Canada (DC)
-Tourism HR Canada
-Tourism Industry Association of Canada (TIOC)
What are the different types of tourism terminology?
-domestic tourist= person travelling in country & stay 24h. at least 20km from home
-excursionist= person travels 40km from home, stay 24h. not committed to work, school,
part of transportation
-travel deficit= residents of a country spend more $ abroad than foreign visitors spend in
that country
-multiplier affect= residence that returned & cycled thru economy
-leakage= community can't support influence of tourists and must import workers and
goods in order to sustain industry
What are the classification of guests?
-purpose of trip: leisure travel
=travel is discretionary & so is affected by discretionary time & income as well as fam.
life stage
=+ # of 2 income fam. to increase # of shorter trips
-demographics: includes age, occupation, gender, place of residence, income,
education, married
=generalize how guests will behave
=help business determine facilities and services
-psychographics: uses motives of behavior to categorize guests
=understand activities, interests, opinions, personalities, life stages of guests
What is the father of psychographics?
Stanley Pole= classify people according to psychographic types along the psychoactive
allocative continuum
Why do people travel?
-have little motivational theory (ask why went there?)
-tend to do research after the fact (after someone's trip)
What is the diagram for satisfier of needs and motives?
needs or motives-> behavior or activity-> goals or satisfaction-> feedback
, What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
-self-actualization
-ego (self esteem, self respect)
-social (love, affection, belonging)
-safety (home, job)
-physiological needs (food, water)
What are the travel motivators of Maslow?
social needs= need for companionship and belonging; most common motivator
ego needs= need to feel important or special; needs of acceptance by friends, relatives,
colleagues; belief that travel may confer status
What do McIntosh and Goeldner think?
-physical motivators= health and activity related
-cultural motivators= desire to know and learn about culture, art, food, architecture of
other people
-interpersonal motivators= escape from family & friends; desire to visit family & friends
-status and prestige motivators= need for recognition, enhance reputation
What's the difference between Epperson's push and pull factors?
-push: pushed by intangible forces (needs, motivations, ways of thinking) that arise from
within us
-pull: pulled by external forces that draw visitors to a destination (eg: friends, sports
events, ect.)
What is Destination Canada's EQ?
-Explorer Quotient (EQ)
-goes beyond the usual demographics; EQ examines people's motivations and attitudes
behind their travel decisions
-how it works: travelers take online quiz that reveals their "explorer type", then tourism
business can offer a matching vacation to deliver a toursim product experience
What are the 8 Barriers to Travel?
-cost
-lack of time
-accessibility, distance or ease of travel
-health and disabilities
-travel tastes and experience
-education
-age
-FEAR
What are the stages of travel experience?
-anticipation
-planning
-travel to site
-participation
-returning
-recollection
What is tourism illiteracy?
the condition of not knowing or understanding the benefits of the tourism industry
What are the benefits of tourism?
Toursim requires people with what?
1. ability- $ and time
2. mobility- transport
3. motivation- desire and determination to travel
What is pre-industrial historical development?
travel was traded, festivals, curiosity
What are the 3 major civilizations that dominated in pre-industrial?
1. egyption influence- large cities, central gov't
2.greek influence- language spread, developed currency exchange
3. roman influence- developed road and water ways for transport, growth of large
middle class, roman currency, communication, legal system
What is Renaissance in historical development?
-rural to urban shift
-wealth accumulation-> $ to travel
-travel to learn
what is Le Grand Tour in historical development?
-travel with tutors/ambassadors
-development of elite class of statesman
-educational component
-ended with French Revolution
What is the Industrial Revolution in historical development?
-working class with income and week-long holiday pay
-steam engine development= trains and boats
-continued rural to urban shift
-Thomas Cook= largest travel agency
What are the 12 Reasons for Tourism's Growth?
1. advancements in transport system
2. advancements in media
3. intro of computer system
4. internet and e-commerce
5. better educational system
6. more disposable income
7. more stressful lifestyles
8. declining cost of travel
9. better marketing and promotions
10. common world-wide currency
11. easing of gov't travel restrictions
12. political stability and tourism go hand in hand
List and define the tourism sector?
1. transportation- in and around destination
2. accommodation- forms of lodging
3. food and beverage- largest sector, food service and drink
4. attractions- permanent sites that educate & entertain
5. events- temporary activities for short period of time
,6. adventure tourism & outdoor recreation- activities that produce physical interaction
b/w visitors and envi.
7. travel services- support services that work with customers providing info, packages,
sales service
8. tourism service- support service that work with tourism business providing funding,
research, education, consults, networking opportunities
Define tourism?
activities of persons travelling to and staying in a place outside their envir. for not more
than 1 consecutive year for leisure, business, or other purposes
What are the International Organizations?
-World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
-World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)
-International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
-International Air Transport Association (IATA)
List the Canadian Organizations for Tourism Organizations?
-Destination Canada (DC)
-Tourism HR Canada
-Tourism Industry Association of Canada (TIOC)
What are the different types of tourism terminology?
-domestic tourist= person travelling in country & stay 24h. at least 20km from home
-excursionist= person travels 40km from home, stay 24h. not committed to work, school,
part of transportation
-travel deficit= residents of a country spend more $ abroad than foreign visitors spend in
that country
-multiplier affect= residence that returned & cycled thru economy
-leakage= community can't support influence of tourists and must import workers and
goods in order to sustain industry
What are the classification of guests?
-purpose of trip: leisure travel
=travel is discretionary & so is affected by discretionary time & income as well as fam.
life stage
=+ # of 2 income fam. to increase # of shorter trips
-demographics: includes age, occupation, gender, place of residence, income,
education, married
=generalize how guests will behave
=help business determine facilities and services
-psychographics: uses motives of behavior to categorize guests
=understand activities, interests, opinions, personalities, life stages of guests
What is the father of psychographics?
Stanley Pole= classify people according to psychographic types along the psychoactive
allocative continuum
Why do people travel?
-have little motivational theory (ask why went there?)
-tend to do research after the fact (after someone's trip)
What is the diagram for satisfier of needs and motives?
needs or motives-> behavior or activity-> goals or satisfaction-> feedback
, What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
-self-actualization
-ego (self esteem, self respect)
-social (love, affection, belonging)
-safety (home, job)
-physiological needs (food, water)
What are the travel motivators of Maslow?
social needs= need for companionship and belonging; most common motivator
ego needs= need to feel important or special; needs of acceptance by friends, relatives,
colleagues; belief that travel may confer status
What do McIntosh and Goeldner think?
-physical motivators= health and activity related
-cultural motivators= desire to know and learn about culture, art, food, architecture of
other people
-interpersonal motivators= escape from family & friends; desire to visit family & friends
-status and prestige motivators= need for recognition, enhance reputation
What's the difference between Epperson's push and pull factors?
-push: pushed by intangible forces (needs, motivations, ways of thinking) that arise from
within us
-pull: pulled by external forces that draw visitors to a destination (eg: friends, sports
events, ect.)
What is Destination Canada's EQ?
-Explorer Quotient (EQ)
-goes beyond the usual demographics; EQ examines people's motivations and attitudes
behind their travel decisions
-how it works: travelers take online quiz that reveals their "explorer type", then tourism
business can offer a matching vacation to deliver a toursim product experience
What are the 8 Barriers to Travel?
-cost
-lack of time
-accessibility, distance or ease of travel
-health and disabilities
-travel tastes and experience
-education
-age
-FEAR
What are the stages of travel experience?
-anticipation
-planning
-travel to site
-participation
-returning
-recollection
What is tourism illiteracy?
the condition of not knowing or understanding the benefits of the tourism industry
What are the benefits of tourism?
