Macromolecules Questions and Answers Already Passed

Macromolecules Questions and Answers Already Passed How many bonds can carbon form with other atoms? 4 What are made up of many monomers? Polymers What are considered very large polymers? Macromolecules The reaction that adds a monomer to a chain is called a Dehydration Reaction The reaction that breaks down a polymer to separate monomers is called a...? Hydrolysis Reaction What are the 4 major groups of macromolecules? Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids What macromolecule is the main source of energy for living things? Carbohydrate What is the macromolecule we often call sugar? Carbohydrates The monomer for a carbohydrate is also called a....? Monosacchride What are 3 examples of monosacchrides in a carbohydrate? Glucose Fructose Galactose What is the name of a sugar made from the combination of two monosaccharides? Disacchride What is another name for a carbohydrate that is a polymer? Polysacchride What are polysacchrides used for? Used for long term energy storage or structural support purposes. What are 3 examples of polysacchrides? Glycogen Starch Cellulose What is the name of the macromolecule which has the function to provide energy storage, insulation, cushioning of organs, make up cell membranes, hormones? Lipids Are lipids hydrophiilic or hydrophobic? Hydrophobic (Water fearing). Lipids do not mix in water. What is a Triglyceride? Glycerol (3 C backbone) + fatty acid (mostly H and C). A Trigylceride is formed through what type of reaction? Dehydration Reaction What is a Saturated Fat? The fatty acid chain is composed of single bonds between the carbons so the fatty acid contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. What are some characteristics of a saturated fat? -Molecule is long and straight. -Solid at room temperature (Butter, Cheese). -Found in animal products What is a unsaturated fat? The fatty acid chain contains at least one double bond between the carbons so it does not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. What are some characteristics of a unsaturated fat? - Molecule is long and bent. - Liquid at room temperature. - Found in plant & fish oil & legumes What are the 2 polymers of a Nucleic Acid? DNA and RNA What is the function of DNA? To store genetic information. What is the function of RNA? To build proteins What are the names of the 4 monomers of DNA? Adenine ----- Thymine Guanine -----Cytosine What are the names of the 4 monomers of RNA? Adenine ----- Uracil Guanine -----Cytosine The monomers of DNA and RNA (Nucleic Acids) are called...? Nucleotides Nucleotides of DNA and RNA are bonded together with what kind of bond? Hydrogen What macromolecule is the primary building blocks for cellular structures? Proteins What macromolecule is used as enzyme catalysts: speed up the rate of reactions and reduces the amount of activation energy needed for reactions within cells. Proteins What macromolecule is used to transport (transport proteins) substances in and out of cells or help fight diseases? Proteins What are the monomers of proteins? Amino Acids. What is the name of the bond that bonds amino acids together? Peptide Bond What is the name of the polymer for proteins? Polypeptides Most carbon based molecules are classified as.... Organic A carbohydrate made up of 2 sugar units is a ..... Disaccharide