UTA Pharmacology 2024 UTA Final (CNS Depressants,CNS
Stimulants, Antiepileptic, Substance Abuse,
Psychotherapeutics, Antibiotics, Antitubercular and
Antivirals) Questions With Complete Solutions
When you think CNS depressants, which general term can be used to describe side effects? Correct Answers "Hangover" poor judgement, amnesia, coordination loss and headache
What are two common herbal supplements that interfere with CNS depressants Correct Answers Kava kava and Valerian
Kava kava Correct Answers An herbal supplement made of dried rhizomes from Piper methysticum. Can cause discoloration
of hair skin and nails with long term use. It has CNS depressing effects and is used to treat anxiety, insomnia and sometimes ADHD.
Valerian Correct Answers The root of contains acids that are used to treat anxiety, restlessness or sleep disorders. It is used as a CNS depressant. It interacts with most CNS depressants, MAOIs and Phenytoin.
Demographics that suffer from insomnia? Correct Answers Primarily women, 10-20% suffer from in the US, increases with age.
Non-pharmacologic Sleep Aid Correct Answers Specific sleep schedule/ritual
don't take daytime naps
warm fluid at bed take a warm bath prebed
listen to relaxing music or read
no exercise or heavy meals close to bed
Benzodiazepines are indicated for Correct Answers insomnia, muscle spasms, anxiety, anesthesia, seizures, and status epilepticus
Benzo MOA Correct Answers Depress CNS- thought to stimulate GABA
Benzo's are contraindicated in? Correct Answers narrow angle
glaucoma, allergy or pregnancy
Benzodiazepines adverse effects Correct Answers hangover- drowsy, lethargic confused dizzy amnesic and impaired cognitively
Benzodiazepines nomenclature Correct Answers They end in -pam and -lam
Benzodiazepines Toxicity Correct Answers More likely when
used with other CNS depressants including alcohol, valerian or kava kava
Benzodiazepines overdose/anesthesia Correct Answers Flumazenil is antidote for overdose/ or do bring patient out of anesthesia. Not often used for general toxicity as it can cause seizures.
Flurazepam Correct Answers Benzodiazepine Diazepam Correct Answers Benzodiazepine
Clonazepam Correct Answers Benzodiazepine
Alprazolam Correct Answers Benzodiazepine
(Xanax)
Temazepam Correct Answers Benzodiazepine
Triazolam Correct Answers Benzodiazepine
Estrazolam Correct Answers Benzodiazepines
ProSom
Benzodiazepines Interactions Correct Answers 1.Alcohol and other CNS depressants.
2. kava and valerian 3. grapefruit juice-prolongs effect
Non-benzodiazepines example Correct Answers Zolpidem (Ambien)
Zolpidem Correct Answers Non−benzodiazepine hypnotic, acts via inhibition of the BDZ1 (omega1) neurotransmitter receptor subtype and is reversed by flumazenil; less amnesia and
muscle relaxation; lower dependence liability
Non-benzodiazepines indications Correct Answers Indicated for use in insomniacs Adverse Effects of non-benzodiazepines Correct Answers "hangover" (especially amnesic), tolerance, dependence and binge eating.
Ambien users have been known to drive, prepare food, etc...without knowledge or memory
Barbituates MOA Correct Answers Facilitate GABA(a) action
by inc duration of Cl- channel opening --> dec neuron firing
Barbituates indications Correct Answers insomniacs, seizure disorders, anesthetic
Barbiturates adverse effects Correct Answers Most life threatening: respiratory depression, hypotension
Other adverse: psychological and physical dependence, tolerance
Barbiturate toxicity treatment Correct Answers supportive: Ventilation (mainstay airway assisted ventilation due to respiratory depression), oxygen, fluid replacement and vasopressors (counteract hypotension)
Barbiturates as a sleep aid Correct Answers No longer used to
regularly used to treat insomniacs because of dependency and rapid development of tolerance. Not prescribed more than 2 weeks for sleep.
Assessment for Benzos and non benzos Correct Answers Drug history, including supplement use (kava/valerian)
Vitals- HR, RR and BP
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