This is a well written and clear set of lecture notes to do with the law of tort. Separated into clear and easy to understand sub sections. Notes made by an Accelerated law student in the 2 year law programme, case laws and notes are included. Negligence and nervous shock, occupiers liability, duty...
One person being liable for the torts of another.
Employer is also liable for torts of employee.
Reasons for vicarious liability:
- Employer can take out insurance
- Argued that it improves standards
- Employer benefits from work employee
- Employer can pass on loss to the consumers.
Vicarious liability of employers:
Three requirements must be met:
A tort must be committed – e.g Negligence, Trespass, Fraud.
Must be committed by an Employee – Distinction between employees and
independent contractors.
Must be committed in course of employment.
Example:
- Taxi driver: Are they employees or individual contractors? Even though they are
controlled a lot by employers.
, 3 Tests to spot if somebody is an employee or individual contractor:
Control Test:
- Does the employer tell someone what to do and how to do it? If yes then it is an
employee.
- Cox v MoJ [2016] does employer direct the employee?
- Mrs Cox injured by prisoner whilst working in prison.
- Prisoner’s relationship is that of an employee, as working in the kitchen.
The significance of the control test today is that the employer can direct what the employee
does.
The Organisation Test (Integration test)
- This asks the question whether a person is an integral part of the business or simply
an accessory to it?
- Cassidy v Minister of Health [1951] (CA) : The question arose whether a surgeon in a
hospital was an employee or an independent contractor.
- HELD: Surgeon was an integral part of the hospital and the hospital was vicariously
liable for the surgeon’s acts.
The Multiple Test (Economic reality test)
- This test involves the courts taking a number of matters into account:
Method of payment – regulary payment - EMPLOYEE
Deduction of tax – if tax is deducted before payment - EMPLOYEE
Provision of tools – if provided - EMPLOYEE
Hours – if regular - EMPLOYEE
Business risk – if take risks – INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR
Can the person be dismissed? - If yes - EMPLOYEE
Description of the person – how they are described – RELEVANT BUT NOT
CONCLUSIVE
Ready Mixed Concrete v Minster of Pensions and National Insurance [1968]
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper mbk_2004. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €8,06. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
