CERAD 3 LAW EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+

1 CERAD 3 LAW EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ ABS Correct Answer: Passive safety feature allowing you to steer whilst breaking (pulsating method) When is vehicle most stable? Correct Answer: Straight line, constant speed (pulling with no acceleration), even weight distribution Tread depth and size on road Correct Answer: 1.6 mm across central ¾ tread depth 1mm for commercial Tyre on road for 1 CD case Understeer vs Oversteer Correct Answer: Understeer- skid and straight line (front wheel) Oversteer- rear end slides out (rear wheel) 2 Pre Driving Checks Correct Answer: a) Ensure handbrake is on and gear level c) Adjust seat, mirrors and steering wheel d) adjust mirror; half grass half sky f) switch on ignition, note warning lights, clutch down left hand on steering wheel, start engine. static brake test, g) check position of controls and auxiliaries g) seat belts and doors h) 15mph brake test- alert passengers, ensure no swerve or funny noises Positioning Correct Answer: View, Stability, Safety C1 licence terms Correct Answer: Every 5 years renew medical declaration via DVLA Over 45- renew licence via medical every 5 years Grandfather rights- once 70 every 3 years Steps to combat fatigue Correct Answer: 1)Coffee 2 shots of caffeine 2)Fresh air 3) Energy drink 4)Brisk walk 3 5) 15 minute nap 6) Stop in a safe place 7)Seat position and PDC Fatigue Correct Answer: More likely to suffer over 45 yrs More tired between Points of licence Correct Answer: Dangerous driving- £200 fine and 6 points 12 points, min 6 months ban or longer Over 6 in ambulance service Phone use- 6 points and £1000 fine Responsibility of driver to keep up knowledge or the HWX Positive responces Correct Answer: 1)Moving left 2)looking in mirrors 3)slowing down 4)indicating left Safe cornering Correct Answer: 1)Correct position 4 2)Correct speed for corner identified 3)Correct gear selection throughout 4)Able to stop safely within distance you can see to be clear on your side of the road 5)Acceleration Vehicle condition Correct Answer: Keep vehicle and tyres in good condition and keep pressures to recommended level Cornering Forces Correct Answer: Steering, acceleration and braking The more you brake/accelerate, the less grip you have for steering The faster you travel into a bend, the less stability -skid Cambers Correct Answer: Crown= dome shaped road (left hand turn increases steering capability) Superelevation= width is banked up towards edge of bend Factors Affecting Cornering Correct Answer: Speed Specification of vehicle Steering 5 Acceleration Braking Road slope Road surface Weather Tyres Limit Point Correct Answer: furthest point to which you have an interrupted view of road surface Forces affecting stability and tyre grip Correct Answer: Steering, Acceleration, Braking SYSTEM Correct Answer: Information Position Speed Gear Acceleration Factors affecting overtaking Correct Answer: If you can see far enough Don't cause others to alter position 6 Ensure you can always move back Be ready to abandon is hazard occurs Avoid conflict Avoid overtaking three abreast Ensure vehicle is able to overtake Never use hardshoulder Overtaking Stationary Vehicles Correct Answer: Use system Judge speed of oncoming traffic Pedestrians Road side traffic Junctions on bends Overtaking Moving Vehicles Correct Answer: Situation changes all the time Consider speed/acceleration Capabilities of own vehicles Physical features, road layout Gear is responsive Don't accelerate too early Only overtake on left in slow moving traffic to keep up with speed 7 Steps to overtake Correct Answer: Do I need to? Is vehicle capable? Is it necessary for circumstances? Hazards Correct Answer: Junctions Cyclists Road layout/surface Bends Pedestrians Vehicles in front/behind Single/dual carriageway Position for Overtake Correct Answer: Following position - Overtake position - Overtaking (Behind) (Hold Out & Look) (Acceleration) Types of motorways Correct Answer: Standard Managed Dynamic Hard Shoulder (SMART) Managed All Lane Running (SMART) 8 What is a smart motorway? Correct Answer: Traffic management methods to reduce congestion and control speed regulations with variable speeds and hard shoulders Reversing and Manoeuvres Correct Answer: Slow speed Fast hands All round observations Mirror prioritisation Signs Correct Answer: Red Circle - give orders and prohibition Blue circle- positive instruction Triangular- warn drivers Octagon- STOP Upside down triangular- GIVE WAY School crossing and traffic crossing on BLUE LIGHTS Correct Answer: You have to stop Crossings Correct Answer: Puffin- sensers no amber phase Pelican- timer and amber phase 9 Toucan- pedestrians and cyclists, sneer and no amber phase Stress Strategies Correct Answer: Adjust seat and steering wheel so not tense Calm professional approach Dont dwell on previous stresses or errors Noble Cause Correct Answer: Do not sacrifice safety for speed Never justify risks by thinking risk is for noble cause STOP when tempted to take risks Red Mist Correct Answer: Your attention is not on your driving but on some specific goal; emotionally and physiologically caught up in the incident Driving license Correct Answer: Individuals responsibility to ensure licence is valid and in date inc name address etc. Photo card licence valid for 10 years Confrontational Behaviour Correct Answer: Task focused coping and reappraisal coping strategies are positive 10 Proceed safely through without any further reactions VDI Correct Answer: Exterior examination - battenburg clean and undamaged Wheels and tyres - correct vehicle tread depth and inflated to spec, cuts, bulges Under bonnet- brake and washer legal, also check engine oil and coolant Lights and reflectors - blue lights, head lights, reverse, brake, interior, fog, full beam Wipers and washers- clean and demisters Audible warning and exhaust- horn, sirens, Equipment- medicine etc fire extinguisher Section 19 Correct Answer: determines who is allowed to drive on blue lights and high speed, assessed regularly on competency Dangerous driving Correct Answer: Tailgating Failing to look Sudden breaking Overtaking on inside Mobile phone Racing Ignoring traffic lights 11 Drink/ drugs Accident Reporting Correct Answer: Damage only- name, station address, licence plate Injury- above and insurance details, report to police within 24 hours and insurance details within 7 days Must report to police if you hit CHAMPSDG Rule 129 double white lines Correct Answer: Nearest to you is solid, MUST NOT cross or straddle unless said and need to turn rights. Road is clear, stationary vehicle, overtake pedal cycle, horse or road maintenance vehicle at 10mph or less Braking Correct Answer: Engine braking- releasing the accelerator, useful on slipper road When braking- both hands, avoid braking on corners and bends Tapered braking- progressive and increased steadily- less fuel Moves weight on vehicle forward onto front wheels, steering heavier and reducing grip of rear tyres- on a bend can cause a skid Safe stopping Correct Answer: Thinking + breaking distance = stopping distancee 12 Drive to stop safely within the distance you can see to be clear on your side of the road Be aware of breaking capability, tyre condition and road surfaces Speed = thinking in ft 20mph = 20ft thinking = 20 ft breaking = 40 stop 30mph= 30ft think= (+5 stop before) 45ft brake = 75 stop 40mph total stop is 118 not 120 Safe Cornering Correct Answer: Use accelerator to maintain constant speed through bend Be able to stop safely When limit point is constant, maintain constant speed If moves away, accelerate out Limit point moves closer, reduce speed Seat position Correct Answer: Both hands on wheel and slightly bent elbows Depress clutch to full extent and knee is bent slightly Steering Correct Answer: Pull - push method Hold lightly and be ready to tighten grip Slippery road- steer delicately 13 Rotational steering-exceptional circumstances like skidding or slow/high speed manoeuvres. Acceleration sense Correct Answer: Ability to vary vehicle speed in response to changing road or traffic conditions by accurate use of accelerator so you can use the brakes less or not at all. Decleration- rear lose grip Acceleration - rear gain grip Rule 89 Correct Answer: You MUST ensure your vehicle complies with full requirements of the Road Vehicles Regulations and Road Vehicles Lightening Regulations FOG Correct Answer: pull up well within the distance you can see clearly don't accelerate to get away from a vehicle which is too close behind use brakes to warn other you slow down fog lights less than 100 m Planning Correct Answer: OAPP Observe Anticipate Prioritise Plan 14 5 W's What can you see What you cant see What you might reasonably expect to happen Which hazards represent the greatest risk What to do if things turn out differently from expected Night driving Correct Answer: Look towards nearside edge to avoid dazzle and reduce speed don't use main beam behind others in fog use cat eyes as a guide wind window down, use horn listen for vehicles Park in direction of facing traffic exempt but exempt in an ambulance Road surface Correct Answer: tarmac- good grip antiskid- extra grip on hazard approach concrete- slippery when icy cobble-low grip when wet Reversing Correct Answer: No dry steering- damages tyres and suspension Slow speed, fast hands 15 observe front of vehicles as it swings out avoid over revving Gears Correct Answer: Good hand and foot co-ord and movement Recognise when to change gear by engine sound Choose correct gear for road speed Changing early reduces fuel consumption Brake in good time to slow to road speed then select gear match engine speed to road speed when changing down lower gear restrains vehicles speed when descending a slope higher gear deliver more speed but less ability to accelerate or climb slopes intermediate gear allow progression from one speed to another Weather conditions Correct Answer: Higher gear for moving slowly in slippery snow, ice or mud grip steering wheel tightly micro climate cause frost and wet in shaded hillside or trees- loss of traction Emergency driving Correct Answer: Sirens- Wail- long up and down- long stretch Yelp- faster wail , heavy slow traffic and junctions, bounce of buildings to deflect noise 16 Fend in, off and inline Correct Answer: Fend in-pointing front of vehicle towards nearside (CV or land 3/2) Fend off- pointing front of vehicles towards offside (lane 1 or hard shoulder) In-line- parallel with running traffic 50 meters behind, rear blues only Stopping on a clearway (any patient) Correct Answer: -correct PPE -hazard warning lights -dont leave in a dangerous position Parking in controlled zig-zag area of pedestrian crossing (any patient) Correct Answer: -PPE -hazard lights consider restrictive position affects pedestrians view -as last resort - do not park across crossing itself -position on exit of crossing -dont leave dangerous position Parking in double white, red or yellow line (any patient) Correct Answer: -ppe -consider danger when loading patient 17 -keep parked time to a minimum -hazards -dont leave in dangerous position Leaving engine running while vehicle unattended (any patient) Correct Answer: -ppe -vehicle security -engine overheat? -engine fumes present issues? -engine create noise to residents -environmental impact Parking on offside in darkness (any patient) Correct Answer: -PPE -leave sidelights on, turn off headlights -harazrd warning lights -dont leave in dangerous position -note danger inc side doors -side step may intrude into vehicles Parking/driving on cycle track (any patient) Correct Answer: -PPE -consider obstruction to cyclists/ pedestrians 18 -mindful of damage to tyres and suspension, kerbs -hazard lights -dont leave in dangerous position -high kerb=tilts -Issue with tail ramp/lift -verge may be unstable or slippery Parking on central reservation (any patient) Correct Answer: -PPE -consider obstructions -closeness to high speed traffic -damage to tyres/ suspension -soft ground, issues with tail lift -hazard lights -dont leave in dangerous position -high verges= tilt -CV may be unstable or slippery -danger of side door/side step -central crash barriers restrict drivers door Parking on a bus stop (any patient) Correct Answer: -PPE -obstructions to pedestrians 19 -disruption to buses/pedestrians -hazard lights -dont leave in dangerous position Double parking or on dropped kerb (any patient) Correct Answer: -PPE -obstruction to traffic passing -obstruction to traffic enter/exit premises -seek permission of driveway owner -could ambulance/fire engine pass? -hazard lights -dont leave dangerously -leave contact number on windscreen Travelling on incorrect side of keep left/right sing (emergency response) Correct Answer: -be aware of pedestrians -ensure opposing vehicles respond before passing -reduce speed -pedestrians may look the wrong way -be aware of dangers returning to correct road side Exceeding speed limits (emergency response) Correct Answer: -danger of red mist 20 -speed related to available space and hazards -be able to stop on your side of the road -comply with organisations policy (+20mph only) -speed of approach -speed appropriate to road and weather conditions -aware of own and vehicle limitations Treat red traffic light as 'give way', inc crossings and temporary lights (emergency response) Correct Answer: -do not cause other road uses to pass through -speed of approach -are road users aware of presence? -If no path to pass, stop short of junction and turn off siren -do not go beyond stop line likely to endanger others -consider other emergency vehicles -give precedence to pedestrians at crossings -position vehicle for route intended -warning equipment -scan left and right Use of audible warning instruments at night between 11:30-07:00 (emergency response) Correct Answer: -consider use of other equipment 21 -relative to presence of other road users - if not used, reduce speed near hazards -non-use of siren must be justified Entering a pedestrian precinct (emergency response) Correct Answer: -extreme caution and slow speed -conform to recognised traffic flows -give pedestrians precedence -be aware of delivery vehicles/drivers -vehicle security is compromised -youse bandsman during manoeuvres -sirens may be unsuitable Stop within a yellow box junction (emergency response) Correct Answer: -may prevent others from clearing the junction Emergency response exemptions Correct Answer: Stop within a yellow box junction Entering a pedestrian precinct Use of audible warning instruments at night between 11:30-07:00 Treat red traffic light as 'give way', inc crossings and temporary lights Exceeding speed limits Travelling on incorrect side of keep left/right sing 22 Any category of patient exemptions Correct Answer: Double parking or on dropped kerb Parking on a bus stop Parking on central reservation Parking/driving on cycle track Parking on offside in darkness Leaving engine running while vehicle unattended Parking in double white, red or yellow lines Parking in controlled zig-zag area of pedestrian crossing Stopping on a clearway