Bio 242 Practice Test Questions and Answers

Taxonomy The field of biology that is involved in naming, describing, and classifying organisms, both extinct species and extant species International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) The formal rules used by scientists in naming to promote stability and universality in the scientific names of animals and other organisms. Classification One branch of taxonomy where various things are identified and grouped together into groups. This orders and ranks things into a series of hierarchial levels Systematics The field of biology concerned with the identification of the evolutionary relationships among species through time. Phylogeny The pattern and history of evolutionary descent of all of the taxa used in a classification of organisms. Linneaus Wrote "Systema naturae" in the 18th century where he proposed the idea of binomial nomenclature. Hierarchical Classification Order Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Species Taxon The named taxonomic unit at any level Phylogenetic Tree A chart which shows all living species (on that chart) are descended from a common hypothetical ancestor. Allopatric specication When populations of the same species become isolated and interfere with genetic variation between them Geographical Isolation When two populations of one species are separated from each other by a physical barrier and the environmental differences cause the two populations to evolve in different ways Sympatric Speciation This occurs when a new species is formed within the range of the parent populations. Cladogram Constructed from a series of dichotomies. The sequence of branching resembles historical chronology of common ancestry Anagenesis (phyletic evolution) The transformation of one entire species over time into another through time. The transformation of an unbranched lineage of organisms to such an extent that it can be called a new species