EXSS 288 Exam 4 Questions with Correct Answers (1)

EXSS 288 Exam 4 Questions with Correct Answers (1) What is the difference between acute and chronic injury? - Answer-Acute: due to excessive force in a single time frame. Sudden onset of short duration Chronic: repeated micro-trauma over extended period. Gradual onset of prolonged duration What is the difference between an open wound vs a closed wound? - Answer-Open: exposed/breaks surface of the skin Closed: unexposed/doesn't disruption skin surface What is the difference between stress and strain? - Answer-Stress: force acting on tissue Strain: extent of deformation What is the yield point? - Answer-When load is greater than mechanical capabilities of the tissue. What are the 6 primary mechanical forces that cause injury? What are each of them? - Answer-Tension - pulling action Compression - pushing action Shear - forces are parallel to cross section Bending - loading about an axis Torsion - twisting about an axis Combined - combination of one or more of above What is three-point bending? - Answer-Compression in the middle. Tension in the ends. What mechanical forces can bones can from best to worst? - Answer-Compression > Tension > Shear What are categories for bone descriptors? - Answer-Site Extent Configuration Relationship of fragments Relationship to environment What are the 8 different types of fracture configuration? - Answer-Transverse - direct blow Spiral - rotation Oblique - one end fixed, other sudden torsion Comminuted - blow in awkward pos. Greenstick - incomplete fracture Longitudinal - split along length Serrated - jagged Impacted - compression on long axis What are the steps to heal a fracture? - Answer-Immobilization via casting/splinting for 6-8 weeks depending on vascularity/stress. Osteoblasts lay extra bone called callus. What are dislocation and subluxation? - Answer-Dis - bone forced out of joint. Deformity. Sometimes obscured by muscle. Sub - partial dislocation How does one treat a dislocation? - Answer-Consider as fracture until ruled out X-ray. Return to play determined by extent of soft tissue damage. What are the functions of tendons and ligaments? - Answer-Tendon: joint motion via mechanical force transmission from muscles to bones Ligament: joins bones and provides stability to joints What is the difference between sprain and strain? - Answer-Sprain: disruption of ligament Strain: disruption of muscle/tendon What is a tendon and its mechanical properties? - Answer-Attaches muscle to bone Collagenous, high res. to tension, weakest in muscle-to-tendon transition area and tendon-to-bone area What are the MOIs of tendons? - Answer-High magnitude single tension Low magnitude repetitive tension Compression Vascular force What is the difference between tendonitis and tendonosis? - Answer-Itis: inflammation of tendon Osis: chronic. Tendon fails to heal from another injury What are the characteristics of each ligament grade sprain? - Answer-1st: mild overstretching, firm end feel, stable 2nd: partial disruption/macrotearing, soft end feel, slight instability 3rd: complete rupture, no end feel. Severe instability. What are the MOIs for muscles? - Answer-High magnitude single tension Low magnitude repetitive tension Comtraction & compression