JOUR 303 - EXAM 1
1st Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of ...
JOUR 303 - EXAM 1
1st Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of
the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of
grievances.
What does constitutional law establish?
It establishes governmental authority and power as well as limitations and grants.
What are the steps for a bill to get passed into a law?
-Representative presents a bill
-Goes to committee
-Committee votes (yes, no, modify)
-Goes to the House
-Goes to the Senate
-Votes
What are the different types of courts? (3)
The Supreme Court, Federal courts and Diversity Jurisdictions
The supreme court...
-Only court mentioned in the constitution
-Gave congress the power to create the "inferior" courts
The federal courts...
-Tax courts, maritime courts, etc
-Limited jurisdiction (the power to make and enforce a judgment).
-Ex. Fort Jackson jurisdiction
Diversity Jurisdictions...
SC resident and NC resident could go to court in GA for an unbiased trial and jury.
Where is the 4th congressional district?
Columbia
Broadway Vs. the U.S. : The SC railroad company passes a bill that limits the
maximum number of train car to 100 at a time. How does Broadway feel about
this?
Broadway is mad - limits the number of resources he can transport which turns less
profit for him. He loses money, loses clients, etc.
Broadway Vs. the U.S. : The SC railroad company passes a bill that limits the
maximum number of train car to 100 at a time. How do other people feel about
this?
-Other transport companies (FedEx, UPS, etc.) are happy - less competition, more
opportunities.
-The people are happy - shorter trains at stops, etc.
Broadway Vs. the U.S. : The SC railroad company passes a bill that limits the
maximum number of train car to 100 at a time. What was the final verdict?
, Since railroads are not mentioned in the Constitution, you can challenge it as
unconstitutional on the rational basis test.
Rational basis is used...
for every decision
Is it protected by the 1st amendment? (6 rationales)
1."Yes... but... compelling reason that outweighs."
2. Somewhat
A. Over the air broadcast/commercial speech
B. Would employ history of the times. What was happening at the time? Defends
political speech.
C. Federal Communication Act: allows the federal communications commission to
depict what broadcast can and will stay on the air.
3. Not protected at all
A. Gov't needs a rational basis
B. Ex. Porn is allowed but child porn not
C. Ex. Stanley vs Georgia: Police went in house looking for drugs, found porn, gov't said
they couldn't do that because you can watch what you want; does not apply to child
porn.
4. Time/place/manner Regulation
A. Must be content neutral
5. Expressive Conduct
6. Secondary or derivative 1st amendment rights
Rational Basis: Law/regulation is constitutional allowing plaintiff to change their
mind...
They are the reason they went to court, and they can drop the case.
Lacks a rational basis...
Bad for the environment, safety concerns, etc.
Schenck vs. U.S 1919 Background info: In 1800s, only white upper class Christian
men were allowed to make laws/be in the room etc. If someone wanted to change
up the status quo (like Sniffen in class wants to convert people to Mormonism)
they were told to get. What does this have to do with the espionage act?
people don't want war, specifically immigrants bc they have families over there and so
they were outspoken. The white men create the Espionage Act to prohibit people talking
bad about the war and saying we shouldn't be in it.
If the plaintiff cannot prove rational basis then...
Defense wins the case.
Schenck vs. U.S 1919 Background info: In 1800s, only white upper class Christian
men were allowed to make laws/be in the room etc. If someone wanted to change
up the status quo (like Sniffen in class wants to convert people to Mormonism)
they were told to get.
What was the final verdict? What is significant about this case?
1. The law must have the act (Violating the act), state of mind (he knew what he was
doing), and the penalty had already been written down in advance (jail).
Schenck harmed the war effort and seeing as it was intended to have some affect (had
the state of mind), he was convicted of violating the Espionage Act.
If speech is intended to result in a crime, and there is a clear and present danger that it
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