WGU Biochemistry OA exam with complete solutions.

Bohr Effect chart (low pH) C- High CO2 H- High H+ A- Acidic R-Release of O2(rt. Shift) T- tense state (in tissues) Primary structure Sequence of amino acids that make up a protein Secondary Structure Sequence of amino acids fold. Tertiary Structure -more folding in a 3D shape. -R groups (side chains) Quaternary Structure Protein has more than 1 polypeptide chain. Chemical reaction -absorb and release energy -activation energy -energy is released (heat & light) when bonds are broken. Exothermic reaction Exo=to release Thermo=heat -chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs (as heat & light) Example of exothermic reaction Cellular respiration- breaks down glucose to make cellular energy Endothermic reaction Endo=absorb Thermos=heat -absorbs more energy than it releases Example of endothermic reaction Photosynthesis- takes in light to break down to create glucose Catalyst Substance that will decrease the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction Enzymes -catalysts used by cells -increase the rate of chemical reaction -specific to substrates Enzyme structure -they are proteins -twist, fold, bend to final shape -shape attracts specific molecules Substrate Molecules that bind to the enzyme Active site -location on enzyme where substrate binds Function of DNA polymerase in process of PCR. -increase expression -2 genes -SIRT1 & SIRT2 Function of a molecule Structural component of the lipid bilayer How would lipid production in a cell change in order to maintain fluidity of its cell membrane as it adapts to lower temperatures? Produce lipids with shorter fatty acid chains Function of cholesterol Maintains membrane fluidity Lipid (fat) soluble vitamins A, D, E, K