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Epidemiology & Environment Terms in this set (62) Epidemiology the scientific study of the distribution & determinants of disease and the application of this study to protect public helath Environmental Epidemiology Provides... Specific information on wh€8,43
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Epidemiology & Environment Terms in this set (62) Epidemiology the scientific study of the distribution & determinants of disease and the application of this study to protect public helath Environmental Epidemiology Provides... Specific information on wh
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Epidemiology & Environment
Terms in this set (62)
Epidemiology the scientific study of the distribution & determinants of disease and the application of this study to protect public helath
Environmental Epidemiology Provides... Specific information on whether environmental hazards impact human...
Epidemiology & Environment
Jeremiah
Terms in this set (62)
the scientific study of the distribution & determinants of disease and the application of
Epidemiology
this study to protect public helath
Environmental Epidemiology Provides... Specific information on whether environmental hazards impact human health risks
In relations to environmental health, outlines methods to quantify health risks from exposure to chemical, physical,
epidemiology... biological, or social factors
What is the key approach of Epidemiology? To compare characteristics of the sick to the healthy
Major Objective of Epidemiology/Human To compare the occurrence or rates of disease or other health outcomes between
Research Studies groups known to be exposed at varying levels or not exposed at all
Biomarkers Allows for identification of exposure or disease in early preliminary stages
Source => a. Fate & Transport => Concentration => a. Exposure routes => Exposure =>
Model of Exposure & Body Diposition
Absorbed dose=> Biologically effective dose => Possible health effect
Who is the father of epidemiology? John Snow
Mortality (death) - overall or specific causes of death
Morbidity (non-fatal outcomes) - Studying a diseased (morbid) state
Prevalence Proportion of population with existing disease at a given time
New cases of disease during given time period ; (Only newly diagnosed cases are
Incidence
counted & is the preferred metric when identifying the trigger/risk factors for a disease)
Characterizes not only the association between risk factors and disease but also the
Disability-Adjusted Life Year
impact factors have upon quality of life
1 DALY =? The loss of one year of productive life
Prevalence Equation # of existing cases/ # in population who could be cases
Incidence proportion (also known as Risk) (new cases/# people at risk ) over a specified time period
Describes patterns of disease in populations by person, place, or time (No particular
Descriptive Epidemiology
hypothesis, just reporting)
Case series Noteworthy set of cases
The bias that may occur because an association observed between variables on an
Ecological fallacy aggregate level does not necessarily represent the association that exists at an
individual level
Surveillance Tracks and compares disease rates across places, diseases, and time
Surveillance biomonitoring use of biomonitoring to document rates of exposure or disease in populations
Crude Rates Use actual observed disease numbers
for different population, of for the same population at different times, are not
Crude rates are...
comparable
- Not comparable when characteristics of the population change over time
Crude rates...cont'd
- Crude rates may obscure differences in disease occurrence by group
Use specific or standardized rates
Adjusted rates
Ecological Study Utilize group level aggregated rates (Beware of ecological fallacy)
- Age-adjusted
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