Chapter 10: Behavioural and Cognitive Theories of Counselling Test Questions And Correct Answers.
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Behavioural Counselling - General approach - Answer help clients learn new, appropriate ways of acting, or to help them modify or eliminate excessive actions
Behavioural therapy: View of human nature - Answer - Developed by BF Skinner
- focus on behavioural processes - ovet behaviour
- f...
Chapter 10: Behavioural and Cognitive
Theories of Counselling Test Questions
And Correct Answers.
Behavioural Counselling - General approach - Answer help clients learn new, appropriate ways of
acting, or to help them modify or eliminate excessive actions
Behavioural therapy: View of human nature - Answer - Developed by BF Skinner
- focus on behavioural processes - ovet behaviour
- focus on the present (here and now)
- assumption that all behaviour is learned (both + and -)
- belief that learning can be effective in changing maladaptive behaviour
- focus on setting up well-defined therapy goals with clients
- rejection that human personality is composed of traits
Behavioural therapy: Role of the Counsellor - Answer - counsellor can take on many different roles
depending on the client's goals
- counsellor is active in sessions
- can function as a consultant, teacher, adviser, reinforcer, and facilitator
- involves the client in every phase of counselling
Behavioural therapy: Goals - Answer - want to help clients make good adjustments to life
circumstances and achieve personal and professional objectives or goals
- the focus is on modifying or eliminating maladaptive behaviours and helping the client acquire healthy,
constructive ways of acting
- unproductive behaviours must be replaced with productive ones
- client and counsellor work towards mutually agreed-upon goals
, Behavioural therapy: Techniques (7 General techniques) - Answer 1. Use of reinforcers - positive or
negative - increase or decrease the probability of a behaviour happening again
2. Schedules of reinforcement - reinforcement after each time the behaviour occurs (at the beginning)
and less frequently as the behaviour has been established
3. Shaping - behaviour learned gradually in steps - helps break down the behaviour into manageable
parts
4. Generalization - displaying behaviours outside of the environment in which they were originally
learned
5. maintenance - consistently performing actions w/o support - self-observation (notice behaviours in
themselves) and self-recording
6. extinction - eliminating a behaviour because they are not being rewarded for that behaviour any
longer
7. punishment - presenting an aversive stimulus to suppress or eliminate behaviour
Behavioural therapy: Techniques (9 specific techniques) - Answer 1. behavioural rehearsal - practicing
the desired behaviour until it is performed the way one wishes
2. env'tal planning - client sets up part of the env't to promote or limit certain behaviours
3. systematic desensitization - overcome the anxiety of particular situations. a client describes the
situation, counsellors teach how to relax in that situation
4. assertiveness training - reinforcing assertiveness
5. contingency contracts - spell out the behaviours that need to be performed, changed, or discontinued
6. implosion and flooding - desensitizing a client to a situation by having them imagine an anxiety-
producing situation. The client is not taught to relax at first.
7. time-out - mild aversive technique, the client is separated from positive reinforcement
8. overcorrection - client restores the env't to its natural state, then makes it better than normal
9. covert sensitization - undesired behaviour is eliminated by associating it with unpleasantness
Behavioural Therapy: Strengths - Answer - deals directly with symptoms
- focuses on the present
- offers numerous techniques for counsellors to use
- based on learning theory - well informed
- supported by very good research
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