AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY UNIT #6 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Agglomeration economics - answer-the savings to an individual enterprise derived from
locational association with a cluster of other similar economic activities, such as other
factories or retail stores
Break - of - bulk point - answer-a location where transfer is possible from one mode of
transportation to another; a location along a transport route where goods must be
transferred from one carrier to another
Bulk gaining industry - answer-an industry in which the final product weighs more or has
a greater volume than the inputs
Bulk reducing industry - answer-an industry in which the final product weighs less or
comprises of a lower volume than the inputs
Carrier efficiency - answer-the ratio of output to input for a given carrier
Comparative advantage - answer-the principle that an area produces the items for
which it has the greatest ratio of advantage or the lease ratio of disadvantage in
comparison to other areas, assuming free trade exists
Complimentary trade - answer-when two regions specifically satisfy each other's needs
through exchange of raw materials and or finished goods
Core region - answer-regions that dominate trade, control the most advanced
technologies, and have high levels of productivity within diversifies economies
Cottage region - answer-areas that are popular locations for recreational properties
such as cottages or summer homes
Cumulative causation - answer-the spiral buildup of advantages that occurs in specific
geographic settings as a result of the development of external economies,
agglomeration effects, and localization economies
Cultural convergence - answer-the tendency for cultures to become more alike as they
increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by
improved transportation and communication
Deglomeration - answer-the process of deconcentration; the location of industrial or
other activities away from established agglomerations in response to growing costs of
congregation and regulation
, Deindustrialization - answer-the cumulative and sustained decline in the contribution of
manufacturing to a national economy
Dependency theory - answer-the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor
and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the
expense of the former; poor states are impoverished and rich ones are enriched by the
way poor states are integrated into the "world system"
Developed country - answer-a modern, industrialized country in which people are
generally better educated and healthier and live longer than people in the developing
countries
Developing country - answer-a country in which the society is less modern and less
industrialized and in which inhabitants are generally poorer than they are in developing
countries
Distance decay - answer-the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the
distance the less interaction
Economic sector - answer-in modern economics, there are four main sectors of
economic activity: primary, secondary, tetiary, and quatinary
Economies of scale - answer-cost advantages to manufacturers that accrue from high-
volume production, since the average cost of production falls with increasing output
Ecotourism - answer-responsible travel that does not harm ecosystems or the well-
being of local people
Energy consumption - answer-using energy; an indicator of development - mcds tend to
consume much more energy per capita then lcds do
Entrepot - answer-a trading center,or simply a warehouse, where merchandise can be
imported and exported without paying important duties , often at a profit
Export processing zone - answer-(epz) - designated areas of countries where
governments create conditions conducive to export-orientated production
Fixed costs - answer-an activity cost (as of investment in land, plant, and equipment)
that must be met without regard to level of output; an imput cost that is spatially
constant
Footloose industry - answer-a descriptive term applied to manufacturing activities for
which the cost of transporting material or product is not important in determining
location of production; an industry or firm showing neither market nor orientation
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Agglomeration economics - answer-the savings to an individual enterprise derived from
locational association with a cluster of other similar economic activities, such as other
factories or retail stores
Break - of - bulk point - answer-a location where transfer is possible from one mode of
transportation to another; a location along a transport route where goods must be
transferred from one carrier to another
Bulk gaining industry - answer-an industry in which the final product weighs more or has
a greater volume than the inputs
Bulk reducing industry - answer-an industry in which the final product weighs less or
comprises of a lower volume than the inputs
Carrier efficiency - answer-the ratio of output to input for a given carrier
Comparative advantage - answer-the principle that an area produces the items for
which it has the greatest ratio of advantage or the lease ratio of disadvantage in
comparison to other areas, assuming free trade exists
Complimentary trade - answer-when two regions specifically satisfy each other's needs
through exchange of raw materials and or finished goods
Core region - answer-regions that dominate trade, control the most advanced
technologies, and have high levels of productivity within diversifies economies
Cottage region - answer-areas that are popular locations for recreational properties
such as cottages or summer homes
Cumulative causation - answer-the spiral buildup of advantages that occurs in specific
geographic settings as a result of the development of external economies,
agglomeration effects, and localization economies
Cultural convergence - answer-the tendency for cultures to become more alike as they
increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by
improved transportation and communication
Deglomeration - answer-the process of deconcentration; the location of industrial or
other activities away from established agglomerations in response to growing costs of
congregation and regulation
, Deindustrialization - answer-the cumulative and sustained decline in the contribution of
manufacturing to a national economy
Dependency theory - answer-the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor
and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the
expense of the former; poor states are impoverished and rich ones are enriched by the
way poor states are integrated into the "world system"
Developed country - answer-a modern, industrialized country in which people are
generally better educated and healthier and live longer than people in the developing
countries
Developing country - answer-a country in which the society is less modern and less
industrialized and in which inhabitants are generally poorer than they are in developing
countries
Distance decay - answer-the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the
distance the less interaction
Economic sector - answer-in modern economics, there are four main sectors of
economic activity: primary, secondary, tetiary, and quatinary
Economies of scale - answer-cost advantages to manufacturers that accrue from high-
volume production, since the average cost of production falls with increasing output
Ecotourism - answer-responsible travel that does not harm ecosystems or the well-
being of local people
Energy consumption - answer-using energy; an indicator of development - mcds tend to
consume much more energy per capita then lcds do
Entrepot - answer-a trading center,or simply a warehouse, where merchandise can be
imported and exported without paying important duties , often at a profit
Export processing zone - answer-(epz) - designated areas of countries where
governments create conditions conducive to export-orientated production
Fixed costs - answer-an activity cost (as of investment in land, plant, and equipment)
that must be met without regard to level of output; an imput cost that is spatially
constant
Footloose industry - answer-a descriptive term applied to manufacturing activities for
which the cost of transporting material or product is not important in determining
location of production; an industry or firm showing neither market nor orientation
