TESTBANK z
Pathophysiology7thEdition
JacquelynL.Banasik-ISBN:9780323761550
2 2 2 2 2
,Chapter201:2Introduction2to2Pathophysiology
Banasik:2Pathophysiology,27th2Edition
MULTIPLE2CHOICE
1. C.Q.2was2recently2exposed2to2group2A2hemolytic2Streptococcus2and2subsequently2developed2
a2pharyngeal2infection.2His2clinic2examination2reveals2an2oral2temperature2of2102.3zF,2skin2rash,2dysph
agi2a,2and2reddened2throat2mucosa2with2multiple2pustules.2He2complainszof2sore2throat,2malaise,2and2
joint2stiffness.2A2throat2culture2is2positive2for2Streptococcus,2and2antibiotics2have2been2prescribed.
The2etiology2of2C.Q.’s2disease2is
a. a2sore2throat.
b. streptococcal2infection.
c. genetic2susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:2B
Etiology2refers2to2the2proposed2cause2or2causes2of2a2particular2disease2process.2A2sore2throat2iszthe2
m2anifestation2of2the2disease2process.2Genetic2susceptibility2refers2to2inherited2tendency2to2develo
p2adi2sease.2Pharyngitis2refers2to2inflammation2of2the2throat2and2is2also2a2clinical2manifestation2of2th
e2disea2se2process.
2. Az17-year-old2college-
bound2student2receives2a2vaccine2against2an2organism2that2causesmeningitis.2This2is2an2example2
of
a. primary2prevention.
b. secondary2prevention.
c. tertiary2prevention.
d. disease2treatment
.2ANS:2A
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary2prevention2is2prevention2of2disease2by2altering2susceptibility2or2reducing2exposure2for2suscept
ib2le2individuals2by2providing2vaccination.2Secondary2prevention2is2the2early2detection,2screening,and2m
ana2gement2of2the2disease.2Tertiary2prevention2includes2rehabilitative2and2supportive2care2and
,attempts2to2alleviate2disability2and2restore2effective2functioning.2Disease2treatment2involves2ma
nagement2of2the2disease2once2it2has2developed.
3. An2obese2but2otherwise2healthy2teen2is2given2a2prescription2for2a2lo
w-2calorie2diet2and2exerciseprogram.2Thiszis2an2example2of
a. primary2prevention.
b. secondary2prevention.
c. tertiary2prevention.
d. disease2treatment
.2ANS:2B
Secondary2prevention2is2the2early2detection,2screening,2and2management2of2the2disease2such2as
z2prescribing2dietzand2exercise2for2an2individual2who2haszalready2developed2obesity.
Primary2prevention2is2prevention2of2disease2by2altering2susceptibility2or2reducing2exposure2for2suscep
ti2ble2individuals.2Tertiary2prevention2includes2rehabilitative2and2supportive2care2and2attempts2toallevi
ate2disability2and2restore2effective2functioning.2Disease2treatment2involves2management2of2the2diseas
e2on2ce2it2haszdeveloped.
4. Azpatient2with2high2blood2pressure2who2is2otherwise2healthy2is2counseled2to2restrict2sodiu
m2intake.2This2is2an2example2of
a. primary2prevention.
b. secondary2prevention.
c. tertiary2prevention.
d. disease2treatment
.2ANS:2B
Secondary2prevention2is2the2early2detection,2screening,2and2management2of2the2disease,2such2as2by2p
re2scribing2sodium2restriction2for2high2blood2pressure.2Primary2prevention2iszprevention2of2disease2by2a
lter2ingzsusceptibility2or2reducing2exposure2for2susceptible2individuals.2Tertiary2prevention2includes2reh
abilit2ative2and2supportive2care2and2attempts2to2alleviate2disability2and2restore2effective2functioning.Di
sease2treatment2involves2management2of2the2disease2once2it2has2developed.
, 5. After2suffering2a2heart2attack,2a2middle-
aged2man2is2counseled2to2take2a2cholesterol-2loweringmedication.2Thisziszan2example2of
a. primary2prevention.
b. secondary2prevention.
c. tertiary2prevention.
d. disease2treatment
.2ANS:2C
Tertiary2prevention2includes2rehabilitative2and2supportive2care2and2attempts2to2alleviate2disability2and2rest
ore2effective2functioning2such2as2prescribing2a2cholesterol-lowering
medication2following2a2heart2attack.2Primary2prevention2is2prevention2of2disease2by2altering2suscepti2bi
lity2or2reducing2expUosuSre2fNor2sTusceptibOle2individuals.2Secondary2prevention2is2the
early2detection,2screening,2and2management2of2the2disease.2Disease2treatment2involves2management2
of2the2disease2once2it2has2developed.
6. A2patient2has2been2exposed2to2meningococcal2meningitis,2but2is2not2yet2demonstrating2signs2
of2this2disease.2This2stage2of2illness2is2called2the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence2
ANS:2B
Incubation2refers2to2the2interval2between2exposure2of2a2tissue2to2an2injurious2agent2and2the2first2appe
ar2ance2of2signs2and2symptoms.2In2infectious2diseases,2this2period2is2often2called2the2incubation2(latent
)2per2iod.2Prodromal2refers2to2the2appearancezof2the2first2signs2and2symptoms2indicating2the2onsetof2a2
disease
.2These2are2often2nonspecific,2such2as2headache,2malaise,2anorexia,2and2nausea,2which2are2associated2
wi2th2a2number2of2different2diseases.
Sequela2refers2to2subsequent2pathologic2condition2resulting2from2a2disease.2Convalescence2is2the2stage
2of2recovery2after2a2disease,2injury,2or2surgical2operation.
7. A2disease2that2is2native2to2a2particular2region2is2called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
Pathophysiology7thEdition
JacquelynL.Banasik-ISBN:9780323761550
2 2 2 2 2
,Chapter201:2Introduction2to2Pathophysiology
Banasik:2Pathophysiology,27th2Edition
MULTIPLE2CHOICE
1. C.Q.2was2recently2exposed2to2group2A2hemolytic2Streptococcus2and2subsequently2developed2
a2pharyngeal2infection.2His2clinic2examination2reveals2an2oral2temperature2of2102.3zF,2skin2rash,2dysph
agi2a,2and2reddened2throat2mucosa2with2multiple2pustules.2He2complainszof2sore2throat,2malaise,2and2
joint2stiffness.2A2throat2culture2is2positive2for2Streptococcus,2and2antibiotics2have2been2prescribed.
The2etiology2of2C.Q.’s2disease2is
a. a2sore2throat.
b. streptococcal2infection.
c. genetic2susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:2B
Etiology2refers2to2the2proposed2cause2or2causes2of2a2particular2disease2process.2A2sore2throat2iszthe2
m2anifestation2of2the2disease2process.2Genetic2susceptibility2refers2to2inherited2tendency2to2develo
p2adi2sease.2Pharyngitis2refers2to2inflammation2of2the2throat2and2is2also2a2clinical2manifestation2of2th
e2disea2se2process.
2. Az17-year-old2college-
bound2student2receives2a2vaccine2against2an2organism2that2causesmeningitis.2This2is2an2example2
of
a. primary2prevention.
b. secondary2prevention.
c. tertiary2prevention.
d. disease2treatment
.2ANS:2A
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary2prevention2is2prevention2of2disease2by2altering2susceptibility2or2reducing2exposure2for2suscept
ib2le2individuals2by2providing2vaccination.2Secondary2prevention2is2the2early2detection,2screening,and2m
ana2gement2of2the2disease.2Tertiary2prevention2includes2rehabilitative2and2supportive2care2and
,attempts2to2alleviate2disability2and2restore2effective2functioning.2Disease2treatment2involves2ma
nagement2of2the2disease2once2it2has2developed.
3. An2obese2but2otherwise2healthy2teen2is2given2a2prescription2for2a2lo
w-2calorie2diet2and2exerciseprogram.2Thiszis2an2example2of
a. primary2prevention.
b. secondary2prevention.
c. tertiary2prevention.
d. disease2treatment
.2ANS:2B
Secondary2prevention2is2the2early2detection,2screening,2and2management2of2the2disease2such2as
z2prescribing2dietzand2exercise2for2an2individual2who2haszalready2developed2obesity.
Primary2prevention2is2prevention2of2disease2by2altering2susceptibility2or2reducing2exposure2for2suscep
ti2ble2individuals.2Tertiary2prevention2includes2rehabilitative2and2supportive2care2and2attempts2toallevi
ate2disability2and2restore2effective2functioning.2Disease2treatment2involves2management2of2the2diseas
e2on2ce2it2haszdeveloped.
4. Azpatient2with2high2blood2pressure2who2is2otherwise2healthy2is2counseled2to2restrict2sodiu
m2intake.2This2is2an2example2of
a. primary2prevention.
b. secondary2prevention.
c. tertiary2prevention.
d. disease2treatment
.2ANS:2B
Secondary2prevention2is2the2early2detection,2screening,2and2management2of2the2disease,2such2as2by2p
re2scribing2sodium2restriction2for2high2blood2pressure.2Primary2prevention2iszprevention2of2disease2by2a
lter2ingzsusceptibility2or2reducing2exposure2for2susceptible2individuals.2Tertiary2prevention2includes2reh
abilit2ative2and2supportive2care2and2attempts2to2alleviate2disability2and2restore2effective2functioning.Di
sease2treatment2involves2management2of2the2disease2once2it2has2developed.
, 5. After2suffering2a2heart2attack,2a2middle-
aged2man2is2counseled2to2take2a2cholesterol-2loweringmedication.2Thisziszan2example2of
a. primary2prevention.
b. secondary2prevention.
c. tertiary2prevention.
d. disease2treatment
.2ANS:2C
Tertiary2prevention2includes2rehabilitative2and2supportive2care2and2attempts2to2alleviate2disability2and2rest
ore2effective2functioning2such2as2prescribing2a2cholesterol-lowering
medication2following2a2heart2attack.2Primary2prevention2is2prevention2of2disease2by2altering2suscepti2bi
lity2or2reducing2expUosuSre2fNor2sTusceptibOle2individuals.2Secondary2prevention2is2the
early2detection,2screening,2and2management2of2the2disease.2Disease2treatment2involves2management2
of2the2disease2once2it2has2developed.
6. A2patient2has2been2exposed2to2meningococcal2meningitis,2but2is2not2yet2demonstrating2signs2
of2this2disease.2This2stage2of2illness2is2called2the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence2
ANS:2B
Incubation2refers2to2the2interval2between2exposure2of2a2tissue2to2an2injurious2agent2and2the2first2appe
ar2ance2of2signs2and2symptoms.2In2infectious2diseases,2this2period2is2often2called2the2incubation2(latent
)2per2iod.2Prodromal2refers2to2the2appearancezof2the2first2signs2and2symptoms2indicating2the2onsetof2a2
disease
.2These2are2often2nonspecific,2such2as2headache,2malaise,2anorexia,2and2nausea,2which2are2associated2
wi2th2a2number2of2different2diseases.
Sequela2refers2to2subsequent2pathologic2condition2resulting2from2a2disease.2Convalescence2is2the2stage
2of2recovery2after2a2disease,2injury,2or2surgical2operation.
7. A2disease2that2is2native2to2a2particular2region2is2called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
