APES Ultimate AP Exam Review || All Correct.
Rachel Carson correct answers published Silent Spring in 1962; documented the environmental
damage done by DDT and other pesticides. This book heightened public awareness at the start of
the modern environmental movement.
Paul Ehrlich correct answers a biologist who published The Population Bomb in 1968; discussed
overpopulation and food production issues for future generations.
Garrett Hardin correct answers published "Tragedy of the Commons" in 1968; argued that
rational people will exploit shared resources (commons).
Aldo Leopold correct answers wrote A Sand County Almanac published in 1948; promoted a
"Land Ethic" in which humans are ethically responsible for serving as the protectors of nature.
Wangari Maathai correct answers won the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize for the "Green Belt
Movement"- planting trees in Kenya that provided food and fuel, and improved soil erosion and
desertification.
Thomas Malthus correct answers a British Economist who said "human population cannot
continue to increase. Consequences will be war, famine, and disease.
John Muir correct answers founded the Sierra Club of 1892; fought unsuccessfully to prevent the
damming of the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park.
Gifford Pinchot correct answers first chief of the US Forest Service; advocated managing
resources for multiple use using principles of sustainable yield.
Theodore Roosevelt correct answers president of the US from 1901 to 1909, well-known for his
conservation efforts. He established the first National Wildlife Refuge at Pelican Island.
Rowland and Molina correct answers in 1974, determined that CFCs destroy stratospheric (good)
ozone.
EO Wilson correct answers biologist who co-coined, with Robert MacArthur, the theory of
island biogeography, which identify factors that regulate species richness on islands.
percent correct answers part/whole
percent change correct answers ((Final Value - Original Value)/Original Value) X 100%
Net Primary Productivity correct answers NPP = GPP - R
Natural Annual Percent Increase correct answers (CBR-CDR)/10
Doubling Time correct answers 70/(%Growth Rate)
,% Growth Rate= correct answers (( (Birth Rate + Immigration) - (Death Rate +
Emigration))/Total Population)x100%
1 kw correct answers 1000w
1 MW correct answers 1000kw or 1,000,000w
kwh correct answers kw (h)
1 watt correct answers 1 joule/sec
per capita correct answers per person
m^3 correct answers (m)(m)(m)
million correct answers 10^6
billion correct answers 10^9
Linear Growth correct answers
Exponential Growth correct answers
China
India
US
Indonesia correct answers four most populous countries
Ecological Footprint correct answers The amount of biologically productive land and water
needed to support a person or population.
TFR (total fertility rate) correct answers the number of children the average woman will bear
during her reproductive lifetime.
Replacement Level Fertility correct answers the number of children a couple must have to
replace themselves (2.1 in developed countries)
IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) correct answers the total number of deaths in a year among infants
under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society
CBR (crude birth rate) correct answers the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000
people alive in the society
CDR (Crude death rate) correct answers The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000
people alive in the society
, Tragedy of the Commons correct answers Depletion or degradation of a potentially renewable
resource to which people have free and unmanaged access. An example is the depletion of
commercially desirable fish species in the open ocean beyond areas controlled by coastal
countries.
Easter Island correct answers Highly populated and successful culture until they overused their
limiting factors and cut down their trees to create farmland which collapsed their civilization
Aral Sea correct answers a large inland sea that is drying up; its salinity is rising as a result of
water diversion for irrigation crops
Ogallala Aquifer correct answers the world's largest aquifer found in the Midwest United States.
It holds enough water to cover the US with 1.5 ft of water. It is being depleted for agricultural
and urban use.
Minamata, Japan correct answers mental impairments, birth defects, and deaths cause by
mercury being dumped into the Minimata Bay by a factory. The mercury was converted to
methlymercury, bioaccumulated in fish, and biomagnified through food chains. Mercury entered
humans who ate a traditional fish-based diet.
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland correct answers the largest estuary in the US lies off the Atlantic
Ocean between Maryland and Virginia, was declared a dead zone in the 1970s due to hypoxic
conditions created from nutrient loading by fertilizers, which caused cultural eutrophication.
Love Canal Housing, Niagra Falls, New York correct answers hazardous chemicals buried in an
old canal leaked into homes and school yards. Led to the passage of CERCLA, aka Superfund
Act.
3 Mile Island, Pennsylvania correct answers 1979- the emergency cooling system of a nuclear
reactor was shut down erroneously by an operator. This led to a partial core meltdown. The
containment structure worked well to retain all radioactive materials, but eventually some
radioactive gas was purposely released to reduce pressure in the containment structure and avoid
a more serious accident.
Bhopal, India correct answers 1984- poisonous methyl isocyanate gas was released accidentally
by a Union Carbide pesticide plant killing about 5,000 people and causing serious health effects
for 50,000 - 60,000.
Chernobyl, Ukraine correct answers 1986- an unauthorized safety tests led to a fire and
explosion at a nuclear power plant- as a result, millions of people in Europe are exposed to
unsafe levels of radiation.
Valdez, Alaska correct answers 1989- the oil tanker Exxon Valdez hit a reef in Prince William
Sound spilling 260,000 barrels of oil.
Rachel Carson correct answers published Silent Spring in 1962; documented the environmental
damage done by DDT and other pesticides. This book heightened public awareness at the start of
the modern environmental movement.
Paul Ehrlich correct answers a biologist who published The Population Bomb in 1968; discussed
overpopulation and food production issues for future generations.
Garrett Hardin correct answers published "Tragedy of the Commons" in 1968; argued that
rational people will exploit shared resources (commons).
Aldo Leopold correct answers wrote A Sand County Almanac published in 1948; promoted a
"Land Ethic" in which humans are ethically responsible for serving as the protectors of nature.
Wangari Maathai correct answers won the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize for the "Green Belt
Movement"- planting trees in Kenya that provided food and fuel, and improved soil erosion and
desertification.
Thomas Malthus correct answers a British Economist who said "human population cannot
continue to increase. Consequences will be war, famine, and disease.
John Muir correct answers founded the Sierra Club of 1892; fought unsuccessfully to prevent the
damming of the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park.
Gifford Pinchot correct answers first chief of the US Forest Service; advocated managing
resources for multiple use using principles of sustainable yield.
Theodore Roosevelt correct answers president of the US from 1901 to 1909, well-known for his
conservation efforts. He established the first National Wildlife Refuge at Pelican Island.
Rowland and Molina correct answers in 1974, determined that CFCs destroy stratospheric (good)
ozone.
EO Wilson correct answers biologist who co-coined, with Robert MacArthur, the theory of
island biogeography, which identify factors that regulate species richness on islands.
percent correct answers part/whole
percent change correct answers ((Final Value - Original Value)/Original Value) X 100%
Net Primary Productivity correct answers NPP = GPP - R
Natural Annual Percent Increase correct answers (CBR-CDR)/10
Doubling Time correct answers 70/(%Growth Rate)
,% Growth Rate= correct answers (( (Birth Rate + Immigration) - (Death Rate +
Emigration))/Total Population)x100%
1 kw correct answers 1000w
1 MW correct answers 1000kw or 1,000,000w
kwh correct answers kw (h)
1 watt correct answers 1 joule/sec
per capita correct answers per person
m^3 correct answers (m)(m)(m)
million correct answers 10^6
billion correct answers 10^9
Linear Growth correct answers
Exponential Growth correct answers
China
India
US
Indonesia correct answers four most populous countries
Ecological Footprint correct answers The amount of biologically productive land and water
needed to support a person or population.
TFR (total fertility rate) correct answers the number of children the average woman will bear
during her reproductive lifetime.
Replacement Level Fertility correct answers the number of children a couple must have to
replace themselves (2.1 in developed countries)
IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) correct answers the total number of deaths in a year among infants
under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society
CBR (crude birth rate) correct answers the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000
people alive in the society
CDR (Crude death rate) correct answers The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000
people alive in the society
, Tragedy of the Commons correct answers Depletion or degradation of a potentially renewable
resource to which people have free and unmanaged access. An example is the depletion of
commercially desirable fish species in the open ocean beyond areas controlled by coastal
countries.
Easter Island correct answers Highly populated and successful culture until they overused their
limiting factors and cut down their trees to create farmland which collapsed their civilization
Aral Sea correct answers a large inland sea that is drying up; its salinity is rising as a result of
water diversion for irrigation crops
Ogallala Aquifer correct answers the world's largest aquifer found in the Midwest United States.
It holds enough water to cover the US with 1.5 ft of water. It is being depleted for agricultural
and urban use.
Minamata, Japan correct answers mental impairments, birth defects, and deaths cause by
mercury being dumped into the Minimata Bay by a factory. The mercury was converted to
methlymercury, bioaccumulated in fish, and biomagnified through food chains. Mercury entered
humans who ate a traditional fish-based diet.
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland correct answers the largest estuary in the US lies off the Atlantic
Ocean between Maryland and Virginia, was declared a dead zone in the 1970s due to hypoxic
conditions created from nutrient loading by fertilizers, which caused cultural eutrophication.
Love Canal Housing, Niagra Falls, New York correct answers hazardous chemicals buried in an
old canal leaked into homes and school yards. Led to the passage of CERCLA, aka Superfund
Act.
3 Mile Island, Pennsylvania correct answers 1979- the emergency cooling system of a nuclear
reactor was shut down erroneously by an operator. This led to a partial core meltdown. The
containment structure worked well to retain all radioactive materials, but eventually some
radioactive gas was purposely released to reduce pressure in the containment structure and avoid
a more serious accident.
Bhopal, India correct answers 1984- poisonous methyl isocyanate gas was released accidentally
by a Union Carbide pesticide plant killing about 5,000 people and causing serious health effects
for 50,000 - 60,000.
Chernobyl, Ukraine correct answers 1986- an unauthorized safety tests led to a fire and
explosion at a nuclear power plant- as a result, millions of people in Europe are exposed to
unsafe levels of radiation.
Valdez, Alaska correct answers 1989- the oil tanker Exxon Valdez hit a reef in Prince William
Sound spilling 260,000 barrels of oil.
