Samenvatting

Samenvatting OM

2 keer verkocht

Vak
Operations Management

Instelling
Universiteit Gent (UGent)

Het leren van deze samenvatting is voldoende om te slagen voor dit vak. Ik haalde een 16/20. Vergeet de oefeningen ook niet te maken. Er staat "EXAMEN" bij geschreven bij de stukken waar ze lang bij stil bleef staan.

[Meer zien]

Voorbeeld 4 van de 112 pagina's

Bekijk voorbeeld

Geupload op 10 oktober 2024
Aantal pagina's 112
Geschreven in 2023/2024
Type Samenvatting

€16,16

In winkelwagen

Op verlanglijstje

100% tevredenheidsgarantie
Direct beschikbaar na je betaling
Lees online óf als PDF
Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 5
COURSE OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................................. 5
DEFINITIONS OF OM ................................................................................................................................................ 5
STRATEGY AND COMPETITION .................................................................................................................................... 7
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 9
Productivity ................................................................................................................................................... 10
MANAGING AND ANALYZING BUSINESS PROCESSES: LITTLE’S LAW .................................................................................... 10
FORECASTING .............................................................................................................................................. 11
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
SUBJECTIVE VERSUS OBJECTIVE FORECASTING METHODS ................................................................................................ 12
EVALUATION OF FORECASTS ............................................................................................................................ 12
FORECASTS ERRORS OVER TIME TO DETECT BIAS ........................................................................................ 13
MEASURES OF FORECAST ACCURACY ........................................................................................................... 13
CONTROL CHART CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................................................ 13
FORECASTING FOR STATIONARY SERIES ....................................................................................................................... 14
moving averages .......................................................................................................................................... 14
WHAT ABOUT WEIGHTED MOVING AVERAGES?.......................................................................................... 15
EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING.......................................................................................................................... 15
EFFECT OF a VALUE ON THE FORECAST ....................................................................................................... 16
COMPARISON OF MA AND ES ....................................................................................................................... 16
TREND-BASED METHODS ......................................................................................................................................... 17
REGRESSION FOR TIMES SERIES FORECASTING ............................................................................................ 17
DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING – HOLT’s method ............................................................................... 18
METHODS FOR SEASONAL SERIES .............................................................................................................................. 18
SEASONAL FACTORS FOR STATIONARY SERIES ............................................................................................. 19
SEASONAL DECOMPOSITION USING CMA .................................................................................................... 19
BUT WHAT ABOUT NEW DATA? ................................................................................................................... 20
WINTERS’S METHOD..................................................................................................................................... 20
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................... 21

INVENTORY DETERMINISTIC ........................................................................................................................ 22
RELEVANT COSTS ................................................................................................................................................... 22
holding cost .................................................................................................................................................. 22
order cost ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
sawtooth pattern .......................................................................................................................................... 23
BASIC EOQ MODEL ................................................................................................................................................ 24
ROBUSTNESS OF THE SOLUTION – SENSITIVITY............................................................................................ 24
INCLUSION OF ORDER LEAD TIME ≤ T........................................................................................................... 24
EOQ WITH FINITE PRODUCTION RATE: EPQ ................................................................................................................ 25
MOTIVATION FOR HOLDING INVENTORIES .................................................................................................. 25
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS ............................................................................................................................................ 26
ALL-UNITS DISCOUNTS.................................................................................................................................. 26
INCREMENTAL DISCOUNTS ........................................................................................................................... 26
RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED MULTIPLE PRODUCT SYSTEMS ................................................................................................ 27
MOTIVATION FOR HOLDING INVENTORIES ................................................................................................................... 28
INVENTORY STOCHASTIC ............................................................................................................................. 29
SINGLE-PERIOD INVENTORY: NEWSVENDOR MODEL ...................................................................................................... 29

1

, Optimal solution ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Performance measures ................................................................................................................................. 32
Other objectives for choosing an order quantity .......................................................................................... 33
MULTIPLE PERIOD INVENTORY MODELS ...................................................................................................................... 34
WHAT IS SAFETY STOCK (SS)? ....................................................................................................................... 34
SS FOR MULTIPLE PERIOD INVENTORY MODELS .......................................................................................... 34
DEMAND DURING UNCERTAINTY PERIOD .................................................................................................... 34
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 36
ABC ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................... 36
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 38

WHAT IS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM)? ........................................................................................................ 38
WHY SO MUCH INTEREST IN SCM RECENTLY? .............................................................................................. 38
(DE)CENTRALIZING INVENTORIES?............................................................................................................................. 39
IMPACT ON SAFETY STOCK ........................................................................................................................... 40
RISK POOLING ............................................................................................................................................... 42
BULLWHIP EFFECT AND REMEDIES ............................................................................................................................. 43
TRANSPORTATION AND ROUTING .............................................................................................................................. 44
SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAINS .......................................................................................................................... 44
AGGREGATE PLANNING ............................................................................................................................... 45
MANUFACTURING PLANNING AND CONTROL (MPC).................................................................................................... 45
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) ......................................................................................................... 45
AGGREGATE PLANNING / SALES AND OPERATIONS PLANNING (S&OP) ............................................................................ 46
HIERARCHY OF MPC FRONT END DECISIONS ................................................................................................ 46
Aggregate planning ...................................................................................................................................... 47
Strategies ...................................................................................................................................................... 48
MASTER PRODUCTION SCHEDULING ........................................................................................................................... 49
MPS – TIME-PHASED RECORD ...................................................................................................................... 49
MPS PLANNING HORIZOND .......................................................................................................................... 50
THE CODP ..................................................................................................................................................... 50
MPS AND THE CODP ..................................................................................................................................... 50
MRP (PUSH)-KANBAN (PULL) ....................................................................................................................... 51
3 MAJOR CONTROL PHASES.......................................................................................................................... 51
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING (MRP) BASICS................................................................................................... 52
EXPLOSION CALCULUS ............................................................................................................................................. 52
PRODUCT STRUCTURE DIAGRAM ................................................................................................................. 52
LOT-SIZING SCHEME ..................................................................................................................................... 53
ALTERNATIVE LOT-SIZING SCHEMES ........................................................................................................................... 53
EOQ lot sizing................................................................................................................................................ 54
SILVER-MEAL HEURISTIC ............................................................................................................................... 55
least unit cost ............................................................................................................................................... 56
PART PERIOD BALANCING ............................................................................................................................ 57
COMPARISON OF LOT-SIZING SCHEMES ....................................................................................................... 58
Lot sizing with capacity constraints .............................................................................................................. 58
SHORTCOMINGS OF MRP ....................................................................................................................................... 60
FROM MRP I TO MRP II TO ERP .................................................................................................................... 62
PUSH VERSUS PULL AND KANBAN .............................................................................................................................. 62
HOW MANY KANBAN CARDS NEEDED IN 1 LOOP? ....................................................................................... 63

2

, COMPARISON OF MRP AND JIT .................................................................................................................... 67
SCHEDULING ................................................................................................................................................ 68
FACTORY PLANNING ..................................................................................................................................... 68
JOB SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM.................................................................................................................... 68
Characteristics of job shop scheduling problem ........................................................................................... 68
OBJECTIVES IN JOB SHOP SCHEDULING ........................................................................................................ 69
COMMON SEQUENCING RULES .................................................................................................................... 69
Scheduling n jobs on 1 machine .................................................................................................................... 70
MOORE’S ALGORITHM ................................................................................................................................. 71
Scheduling n jobs on m machines ................................................................................................................. 71
JOHNSON’S RULE FOR N JOBS ON 2 SERIAL .................................................................................................. 73
JOHNSON’S RULE FOR N JOBS ON 3 SERIAL .................................................................................................. 74
IMPORTANCE OF SHORT-TERM SCHEDULING .............................................................................................. 74
PRODUCT-ORIENTED PRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 74
SIMPLE ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING PROBLEM ........................................................................................... 74
HEURISTICS ................................................................................................................................................... 76
General assembly line balancing .................................................................................................................. 76
Assembly line sequencing problem ............................................................................................................... 77
HYBRID AND RECONFIGURABLE LAYOUTS .................................................................................................................... 77
PROCESS ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................................... 78

PROCESS ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................................. 78
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM ............................................................................................................................ 78
PROCESS ANALYSIS WITH MULTIPLE FLOWS ................................................................................................................. 81
GENERALIZED PROCESS FLOW PATTERNS .................................................................................................... 81
demand table................................................................................................................................................ 81
FINDING THE BOTTLENECK (MULTIPLE FLOWS) ........................................................................................... 81
Flow-dependent processing times ................................................................................................................ 82
ATTRITION LOSSES AND YIELDS ................................................................................................................................. 83
REWORK .............................................................................................................................................................. 84
PROCESS INTERRUPTIONS: SETUPS............................................................................................................................. 84
.................................................................................................................................................................... 84
VARIABILITY WAITING ................................................................................................................................. 87

WAITING LINES ..................................................................................................................................................... 87
WHY IS THERE WAITING? ........................................................................................................................................ 88
CHARACTERISTICS OF WAITING LINES ......................................................................................................................... 89
Population source ......................................................................................................................................... 89
Number of servers ........................................................................................................................................ 90
Arrival and service patterns .......................................................................................................................... 91
Queue discipline............................................................................................................................................ 92
Kendall’s notation: A/B/C ............................................................................................................................. 92
Measures of waiting line performance ......................................................................................................... 92
AN APPROXIMATE QUEUING MODEL WITH A SINGLE SERVER: G/G/1 ............................................................................... 93
Queuing models: basic relationships ............................................................................................................ 93
G/G/1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 94
The Key Drivers of Waiting Time................................................................................................................... 94
Utilization factor (ρ/(1-ρ)) ............................................................................................................................ 95

3

, WAITING LINE MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................. 95
Managerial implications of waiting lines...................................................................................................... 95
Goal of waiting line management ................................................................................................................ 95
OTHER QUEUEING MODELS ...................................................................................................................................... 96
M/M/1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 96
M/D/1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 97
M/M/S .......................................................................................................................................................... 98
Maximum line length .................................................................................................................................... 99
M/M/S multiple-priority model .................................................................................................................. 100
WAITING LINE MANAGEMENT APPLIED ..................................................................................................................... 102
Cost analysis ............................................................................................................................................... 102
SIMULATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 104
Reasons for the popularity of simulation .................................................................................................... 104
Basic steps for all simulation models .......................................................................................................... 104
Discrete-event simulation ........................................................................................................................... 105
Queuing theory versus simulation .............................................................................................................. 105

LEAN .......................................................................................................................................................... 106
DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................................................... 106
OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE .................................................................................................................................... 107
LEAN ................................................................................................................................................................. 107
what is lean?............................................................................................................................................... 107
WASTE .............................................................................................................................................................. 109
MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................................... 109
LEAN TOOLBOX ................................................................................................................................................... 110

4

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Focus op de essentie

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper MarieVerhelst60. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €16,16. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 69411 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen