VBSC 211 Exam 2 Questions And Expert Answers
2024/25
repertoire - Correct Answer total number of antibody specificities available to an
individual
affinity maturation - Correct Answer The increase in affinity of the antigen-binding sites
of antibodies for the antigen that occurs during the course of an adaptive immune
response
affinity - Correct Answer measure of the strength with which one molecule binds to
another at a single binding site
constant region - Correct Answer part of an immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor that is of
identical amino acid sequence in molecules of the same isotype but different antigen-
binding specificities
complementarity-determining region (CDR) - Correct Answer short region of high
diversity in amino acid sequence within the variable region of immunoglobulin and T-cell
receptor chains
combinatorial diversity - Correct Answer results from the random recombination of
separate V, D, and J gene segments of the variable region as well as combinatorial
association of light (k,l) and heavy chains
junctional diversity - Correct Answer -DNA sequence variations introduced by the
improper
joining of gene segments during the process of VJ recombination
-The process of repairing the cleaved chromosomes is sloppy
-New DNA sequences are added to the junction between the segments
V-D-J-C segments - Correct Answer -variable
-diversity
-joining
-constant
light chain - Correct Answer -the smaller of the two types
-consists of one variable and one constant domain, and is disulfide-bonded to a heavy
chain in the immunoglobulin molecule
-k and lamda
-V and J gene segments
linear epitope - Correct Answer antigenic structure in a protein that consists of a linear
sequence of amino acids within the protein's primary structure
heavy chain - Correct Answer -larger of the two types
, -consists of one variable domain and a number of constant domains
-V, D, and J gene segments
coding joint - Correct Answer the joint between the ends of two rearranged
immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor gene segments
Class switch recombination - Correct Answer -the process by which a B cell changes
the class of immunoglobulin it makes while preserving the antigenic specificity of the
immunoglobulin
-involves a somatic recombination process that attaches a different heavy chain
constant region gene to the existing variable region exon
isotype - Correct Answer the class of an immunoglobulin each of which has a distinct
heavy chain constant region encoded by a different constant region gene
IgM (immunoglobulin M) - Correct Answer -the class if IG having mu (μ) heavy chains
-the first immunoglobulin to appear on the surface of B cells and the first antibody
secreted during an immune response
-secreted in pentameric form
IgD (immunoglobulin D) - Correct Answer -the class of IG having delta (δ) heavy
chains
-it appears as surface IG on mature naive B cells but its function is unknown
-transcription of IgD is coordinated with that of IgM
IgG (immunoglobulin G) - Correct Answer -the class of IG having gamma (γ) heavy
chains
-the most abundant class of IG in plasma
IgA (immunoglobulin A) - Correct Answer -the class of IG having alpha (α) heavy
chains
-dimeric IgA antibodies are the main antibodies present in mucosal secretions
-monomeric IgA is present in the blood
IgE (immunoglobulin E) - Correct Answer -the class of IG having epsilon (ε) heavy
chains
-IgE is involved in reactions against internal parasites, particularly helminth worms and
in allergic reactions
discontinuous epitope - Correct Answer -an antigenic structure on a protein that is
formed from several separate regions in the primary sequence of a protein brought
together by protein folding
-antibodies that bind conformational epitopes bind only to native folded proteins
Flow cytometry - Correct Answer technique in which individual cells can be counted or
identified by their cell-surface molecules after fluorescent labeling
2024/25
repertoire - Correct Answer total number of antibody specificities available to an
individual
affinity maturation - Correct Answer The increase in affinity of the antigen-binding sites
of antibodies for the antigen that occurs during the course of an adaptive immune
response
affinity - Correct Answer measure of the strength with which one molecule binds to
another at a single binding site
constant region - Correct Answer part of an immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor that is of
identical amino acid sequence in molecules of the same isotype but different antigen-
binding specificities
complementarity-determining region (CDR) - Correct Answer short region of high
diversity in amino acid sequence within the variable region of immunoglobulin and T-cell
receptor chains
combinatorial diversity - Correct Answer results from the random recombination of
separate V, D, and J gene segments of the variable region as well as combinatorial
association of light (k,l) and heavy chains
junctional diversity - Correct Answer -DNA sequence variations introduced by the
improper
joining of gene segments during the process of VJ recombination
-The process of repairing the cleaved chromosomes is sloppy
-New DNA sequences are added to the junction between the segments
V-D-J-C segments - Correct Answer -variable
-diversity
-joining
-constant
light chain - Correct Answer -the smaller of the two types
-consists of one variable and one constant domain, and is disulfide-bonded to a heavy
chain in the immunoglobulin molecule
-k and lamda
-V and J gene segments
linear epitope - Correct Answer antigenic structure in a protein that consists of a linear
sequence of amino acids within the protein's primary structure
heavy chain - Correct Answer -larger of the two types
, -consists of one variable domain and a number of constant domains
-V, D, and J gene segments
coding joint - Correct Answer the joint between the ends of two rearranged
immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor gene segments
Class switch recombination - Correct Answer -the process by which a B cell changes
the class of immunoglobulin it makes while preserving the antigenic specificity of the
immunoglobulin
-involves a somatic recombination process that attaches a different heavy chain
constant region gene to the existing variable region exon
isotype - Correct Answer the class of an immunoglobulin each of which has a distinct
heavy chain constant region encoded by a different constant region gene
IgM (immunoglobulin M) - Correct Answer -the class if IG having mu (μ) heavy chains
-the first immunoglobulin to appear on the surface of B cells and the first antibody
secreted during an immune response
-secreted in pentameric form
IgD (immunoglobulin D) - Correct Answer -the class of IG having delta (δ) heavy
chains
-it appears as surface IG on mature naive B cells but its function is unknown
-transcription of IgD is coordinated with that of IgM
IgG (immunoglobulin G) - Correct Answer -the class of IG having gamma (γ) heavy
chains
-the most abundant class of IG in plasma
IgA (immunoglobulin A) - Correct Answer -the class of IG having alpha (α) heavy
chains
-dimeric IgA antibodies are the main antibodies present in mucosal secretions
-monomeric IgA is present in the blood
IgE (immunoglobulin E) - Correct Answer -the class of IG having epsilon (ε) heavy
chains
-IgE is involved in reactions against internal parasites, particularly helminth worms and
in allergic reactions
discontinuous epitope - Correct Answer -an antigenic structure on a protein that is
formed from several separate regions in the primary sequence of a protein brought
together by protein folding
-antibodies that bind conformational epitopes bind only to native folded proteins
Flow cytometry - Correct Answer technique in which individual cells can be counted or
identified by their cell-surface molecules after fluorescent labeling
