10/28/24, 6:32 AM NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 LATEST 2024 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|AGRAD…
NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 LATEST 2024 REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES|AGRADE(MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY)
Terms in this set (61)
Prescribing a drug is based on a thorough assessment
of the patient and the patient's environment. The
determination of potential medical and nursing
What factors are
diagnoses, a review of the potential alternative
associated with clinical
therapies, specific knowledge about the drug chosen,
judgment when
and the disease process it is going to treat, known as
prescribing medications?
patient centered care. The best therapy is usually the
least invasive, least expensive, and the least likely to
cause adverse reactions
Multiple drugs may be able to treat a specific
What are the criteria for
condition. You must consult nationally recognized
choosing an effective
guidelines for disease management to determine the
drug?
most effective drug.
How does Many drugs that carry an electric charge are bound
hypoalbuminemia affect to albumin in the blood. The distribution of the drug
the process of to target tissues may be affected if hypoalbuminemia
prescribing? is present.
In clinical practice it takes about four to five times the
What is the drug's half- half-life for a drugs concentration to read steady state
life? after a drug is started, stopped or changed. Hal life is
the amount of time for a drug to be half cleared.
,10/28/24, 6:32 AM NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 LATEST 2024 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|AGRAD…
The onset of action is the time between the drug
administration and the time that you see the drugs
What is meant by the minimum effect. Onset is the first sign of a drugs
onset of action, peak of therapeutic effect. Peak of action is the time of the
action, duration of action maximum concentration of the drug in the blood.
of medications? Duration of action is the onset of action and the
metabolism of the drug below the dose needed for
an effect.
This occurs when the concentration of the drug is
greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic
circulation. It is the portion of the drug lost during
absorption. Generally, occurs in the liver or gut wall.
After a drug is swallowed it is absorbed by the
digestive system and enters the hepatic system. It is
Explain first pass
then carried by the portal vein to the liver before it
metabolism.
reaches the rest of the body. The liver metabolizes
many drugs to such an extent that only a small portion
of the drug reaches the rest of the body.
bioavailability of the drug thus is greatly reduced by
the liver. Sublingual administration can bypass the first
pass system plus it is also faster than oral route.
The overall intake of a drug is fairly and dynamic
equilibrium with its elimination. Steady state is
What is a steady state?
reached when the time of four to five times the half-
life is reached since the drug had been started.
, 10/28/24, 6:32 AM NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 LATEST 2024 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|AGRAD…
Absorption involves several steps. First the drug must
be introduced via route of administration and the form
of medication like tablet or capsule. In IV or IM
administration the absorption is less variable and
bioavailability is near 100%. IV administration is
considered to lose no portion of the drug. The fastest
route of absorption is inhalation. Drugs must pass
through the epithelial cells of the GI tract to be
absorbed by the circulatory system. Cell membranes
may affect the absorption of some drugs because
they are made of lipid bilayers that are semi
permeable. This means only small uncharged solutes
What factors affect the can pass through the membrane. Whether or not a
drug's absorption? molecule is ionized affects the absorption, since ionic
molecules are charged. Solubility favors charged
species. Permeability favors neutral species. Some
molecules have special channels to facilitate
movement from the lumen into the circulation. The
Henderson Hasselbeck equation offers a way to
determine the portion that is ionized in a given pH.
Weak acids will be present in their nonionic form in
the stomach because of the acidic pH and bases will
be in their ionic form. Nonionic species diffuse easier
through cell membranes. Weak acids have a higher
absorption rate in the stomach. The opposite is true in
the basic environment of the stomach.
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