Samenvatting

Samenvatting methoden van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek, Deel 1

0 keer verkocht

Instelling
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)

prof E. Vandenbussche Slides en lesnotities

[Meer zien]

Voorbeeld 4 van de 98 pagina's

Bekijk voorbeeld

Geupload op 30 oktober 2024
Aantal pagina's 98
Geschreven in 2023/2024
Type Samenvatting

samenvatting slides lesnotities
methoden van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek

NIET-WETENSCHAPPELIJKE METHODEN .................................................................................................................. 7

1. VASTHOUDENDHEID (TENACITY) .............................................................................................................................. 7
2. INTUÏTIE ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
3. AUTORITEIT ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
4. RATIONALISME .................................................................................................................................................... 8
5. EMPIRIE ............................................................................................................................................................. 8

WETENSCHAPPELIJKE METHODE ............................................................................................................................. 9

STAP 1: OBSERVATIE ................................................................................................................................................... 9
STAP 2: HYPOTHESEN ................................................................................................................................................. 9
STAP 3: PREDICTIES .................................................................................................................................................... 9
STAP 4: EVALUEREN.................................................................................................................................................. 10
STAP 5: ONDERSTEUNEN, WEERLEGGEN OF HERSPECIFIËREN .............................................................................................. 10
DRIE BELANGRIJKE PRINCIPES VAN DE WETENSCHAPPELIJKE METHODE ................................................................................... 10

DE EMPIRISCHE CYCLUS......................................................................................................................................... 11

STAP 1: ONDERZOEKSIDEE ......................................................................................................................................... 11
STAP 2: HYPOTHESE.................................................................................................................................................. 11
STAP 3: VARIABELEN................................................................................................................................................. 11
STAP 4: PARTICIPANTEN ............................................................................................................................................ 11
STAP 5: ONDERZOEKSSTRATEGIE ................................................................................................................................. 12
STAP 6 – 9 .............................................................................................................................................................. 12
STAP 10: VERFIJN OF HERFORMULEER........................................................................................................................... 12

BESLUIT ................................................................................................................................................................. 12

1. LOGISCH........................................................................................................................................................... 13
2. TOETSBAAR....................................................................................................................................................... 13
3. WEERLEGBAAR .................................................................................................................................................. 14
4. POSITIEF .......................................................................................................................................................... 14

VARIABELEN DEFINIËREN EN METEN ..................................................................................................................... 15

VOORBEELD ............................................................................................................................................................. 15

CONSTRUCTEN EN OPERATIONELE DEFINITIES....................................................................................................... 16

VOORBEELD ............................................................................................................................................................. 16

VALIDITEIT EN BETROUWBAARHEID ...................................................................................................................... 17

SCATTER PLOT........................................................................................................................................................... 17
CORRELATIE ............................................................................................................................................................. 17
1. VALIDITEIT ........................................................................................................................................................... 18
2. BETROUWBAARHEID ............................................................................................................................................... 19
RELATIE VALIDITEIT – BETROUWBAARHEID ...................................................................................................................... 19

1

,MEETSCHALEN ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

NOMINALE MEETSCHAAL ............................................................................................................................................. 20
ORDINALE MEETSCHAAL .............................................................................................................................................. 20
INTERVAL MEETSCHAAL ............................................................................................................................................... 20
RATIO MEETSCHAAL ................................................................................................................................................... 21
INTERVAL VERSUS RATIO MEETSCHAAL ........................................................................................................................... 21
CONCLUSIE MEETSCHALEN ........................................................................................................................................... 22

MEETMODALITEITEN ............................................................................................................................................. 22

1. ZELFRAPPORTAGE .................................................................................................................................................. 22
2. FYSIOLOGIE .......................................................................................................................................................... 23
3. GEDRAGSMATEN ................................................................................................................................................... 23

ANDERE ASPECTEN VAN METEN ............................................................................................................................ 23

1. MULTIPELE METINGEN ............................................................................................................................................ 23
2. SENSITIVITEIT ........................................................................................................................................................ 23
3. ARTEFACTEN ......................................................................................................................................................... 24

BESLUIT ................................................................................................................................................................. 24

STEEKPROEFTREKKING .......................................................................................................................................... 25

STREEKPROEFTREKKING .............................................................................................................................................. 25

PROBABILITY SAMPLING ....................................................................................................................................... 27

1. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING..................................................................................................................................... 27
2. SYSTEMATISCHE SAMPLING ...................................................................................................................................... 28
3. GESTRATIFICEERDE RANDOM SAMPLING...................................................................................................................... 28
4. PROPORTIONELE GESTRATIFICEERDE RANDOM SAMPLING ............................................................................................... 29
5. CLUSTER SAMPLING ................................................................................................................................................ 29

NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING ................................................................................................................................ 29

1. CONVENIENCE SAMPLING ........................................................................................................................................ 29
2. QUOTA SAMPLING ................................................................................................................................................. 30

BESLUIT ................................................................................................................................................................. 30

INLEIDING ............................................................................................................................................................. 31

ONDERZOEKSSTRATEGIEËN ................................................................................................................................... 31

1. BESCHRIJVEND ...................................................................................................................................................... 31
2. CORRELATIONEEL ................................................................................................................................................... 32
3. EXPERIMENTEEL .................................................................................................................................................... 32
4. QUASI-EXPERIMENTEEL ........................................................................................................................................... 33

2

,5. NON-EXPERIMENTEEL ............................................................................................................................................. 33
CORRELATIONEEL VERSUS NON-EXPERIMENTEEL ONDERZOEK .............................................................................................. 33
ONDERZOEKSSTRATEGIEËN .......................................................................................................................................... 33

EXTERNE EN INTERNE VALIDITEIT .......................................................................................................................... 34

1. EXTERNE VALIDITEIT ............................................................................................................................................... 34
2. INTERNE VALIDITEIT ................................................................................................................................................ 34

BEDREIGINGEN VAN VALIDITEIT ............................................................................................................................ 35

BEDREIGINGEN VAN EXTERNE VALIDITEIT ........................................................................................................................ 35
BEDREIGINGEN VAN INTERNE VALIDITEIT ......................................................................................................................... 36
MEER OVER INTERNE EN EXTERNE VALIDITEIT ................................................................................................................... 37

BESLUIT ................................................................................................................................................................. 38

OORZAAK-GEVOLG RELATIES................................................................................................................................. 39

ELEMENTEN VAN EEN EXPERIMENT ...................................................................................................................... 40

1. MANIPULATIE ....................................................................................................................................................... 40
2. CONTROLE ........................................................................................................................................................... 41

BIJKOMENDE VARIABELEN CONTROLEREN ............................................................................................................ 41

1. VARIABELE CONSTANT HOUDEN ................................................................................................................................ 42
2. MATCHING ........................................................................................................................................................... 42
3. RANDOMISEREN .................................................................................................................................................... 42

DATASTRUCTUUR EN CONTROLE ........................................................................................................................... 43

CONTROLE CONDITIES ........................................................................................................................................... 43

MANIPULATIE CHECKS .......................................................................................................................................... 44

EXTERNE VALIDITEIT VERHOGEN ........................................................................................................................... 44

BESLUIT ................................................................................................................................................................. 45

EXPERIMENTELE ONDERZOEKSSTRATEGIE ............................................................................................................. 46

TUSSEN-SUBJECT DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... 46

KARAKTERISTIEKEN TUSSEN-SUBJECT DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 46
VOOR- EN NADELEN ................................................................................................................................................... 47
INDIVIDUELE VERSCHILLEN ........................................................................................................................................... 47
INDIVIDUELE VERSCHILLEN ALS CONFOUNDERS ................................................................................................................. 47
INDIVIDUELE VERSCHILLEN EN VARIABILITEIT .................................................................................................................... 48
ANDERE BEDREIGINGEN VAN INTERNE VALIDITEIT ............................................................................................................. 49
3

, BINNEN-SUBJECT DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... 50

KARAKTERISTIEKEN .................................................................................................................................................... 50
BEDREIGINGEN VOOR INTERNE VALIDITEIT ....................................................................................................................... 50
OMGAAN MET TIJDSGERELATEERDE BEDREIGINGEN ........................................................................................................... 52
VOOR- EN NADELEN BINNEN-SUBJECT DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 54

TUSSEN- VERSUS BINNEN-SUBJECT DESIGN ........................................................................................................... 54

DATASTRUCTUUR ...................................................................................................................................................... 54

NON- EN QUASI-EXPERIMENTELE ONDERZOEKSSTRATEGIEËN ............................................................................... 55

TUSSEN-SUBJECT DESIGNS .................................................................................................................................... 56

1. DIFFERENTIËLE ONDERZOEKSDESIGN ....................................................................................................................... 56
2. POSTTEST ONLY NIET-EQUIVALENTE CONTROLE GROEP DESIGN ..................................................................................... 56
3. PRETEST-POSTTEST NIET-EQUIVALENTE CONTROLE GROEP DESIGN ................................................................................. 57

BINNEN-SUBJECT DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... 57

1. PRETEST-POSTTEST DESIGN ................................................................................................................................... 58
2. TIME-SERIES DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................... 58

DESIGNS VOOR ONTWIKKELINGSONDERZOEK ....................................................................................................... 59

1. CROSS-SECTIONEEL DESIGN................................................................................................................................... 59
2. LONGITUDINAAL DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... 60

OVERZICHT............................................................................................................................................................ 60

BESLUIT ................................................................................................................................................................. 61

INLEIDING ............................................................................................................................................................. 62

HOOFDEFFECTEN EN INTERACTIES......................................................................................................................... 63

TYPES FACTORIËLE DESIGNS ................................................................................................................................. 65

BESLUIT ................................................................................................................................................................. 66

WAT IS WETENSCHAP? .......................................................................................................................................... 67

PUBLICEREN .......................................................................................................................................................... 67

OPEN SCIENCE ....................................................................................................................................................... 68

P-VALUE ................................................................................................................................................................ 68

4

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Focus op de essentie

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.