Organizational Behavior Key Terms
PERSONALITY - correct answer ✔Gordon Allport said personality is "the
dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems
that determine his unique adjustments to his environment"
HEREDITY - correct answer ✔factors determined at conception.
MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR - correct answer ✔the most widely
used personality assessment in the world. Includes scales on
introversion/extroversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling and
judging/perceiving.
THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY MODEL - correct answer ✔personality typing
instrument which includes extraversion, agreeableness, Conscientiousness,
emotional stability, openness to experience.
MACHIAVELLIANISM - correct answer ✔(Mach) the degree to which an
individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes the end
justifies the means.
NARCISSISM - correct answer ✔the tendency to be arrogant, have a
grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a
sense of entitlement.
SELF-MONITORING - correct answer ✔a personality trait that measures an
individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
,PROACTIVE PERSONALITY - correct answer ✔people identify
opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful
change occurs.
VALUES - correct answer ✔basic convictions that a specific mode of
conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an
opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.
TERMINAL VALUES - correct answer ✔desirable end-states of existence;
the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.
INSTRUMENTAL VALUES - correct answer ✔preferable modes of behavior
or means of achieving one's terminal values.
POWER DISTANCE - correct answer ✔a national culture attribute that
describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and
organizations is distributed unequally.
*PERCEPTION - correct answer ✔a process by which individuals organize
and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their
environment.
*ATTRIBUTION THEORY - correct answer ✔an attempt to determine
whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused.
*FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR - correct answer ✔the tendency
to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the
influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of
others.
, *SELF-SERVING BIAS - correct answer ✔the tendency for individuals to
attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures
on external factors.
*SELECTIVE PERCEPTION - correct answer ✔the tendency to selectively
interpret what one sees on the basis of one's interests, background,
experience and attitude.
*HALO EFFECT - correct answer ✔the tendency to draw a general
impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.
*CONTRAST EFFECT - correct answer ✔evaluation of a person's
characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently
encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.
*STEREOTYPING - correct answer ✔Judging someone on the basis on
one's perception of the group to which that person belongs.
*SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY - correct answer ✔a situation in which a
person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting
expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the
original perception.
*RATIONAL DECISION- MAKING MODEL - correct answer ✔a decision-
making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to
maximize some outcomes.
*BOUNDED RATIONALITY - correct answer ✔a process of making
decisions by constructing simplified models that the essential features from
problems without capturing all their complexity.
PERSONALITY - correct answer ✔Gordon Allport said personality is "the
dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems
that determine his unique adjustments to his environment"
HEREDITY - correct answer ✔factors determined at conception.
MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR - correct answer ✔the most widely
used personality assessment in the world. Includes scales on
introversion/extroversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling and
judging/perceiving.
THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY MODEL - correct answer ✔personality typing
instrument which includes extraversion, agreeableness, Conscientiousness,
emotional stability, openness to experience.
MACHIAVELLIANISM - correct answer ✔(Mach) the degree to which an
individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes the end
justifies the means.
NARCISSISM - correct answer ✔the tendency to be arrogant, have a
grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a
sense of entitlement.
SELF-MONITORING - correct answer ✔a personality trait that measures an
individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
,PROACTIVE PERSONALITY - correct answer ✔people identify
opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful
change occurs.
VALUES - correct answer ✔basic convictions that a specific mode of
conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an
opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.
TERMINAL VALUES - correct answer ✔desirable end-states of existence;
the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.
INSTRUMENTAL VALUES - correct answer ✔preferable modes of behavior
or means of achieving one's terminal values.
POWER DISTANCE - correct answer ✔a national culture attribute that
describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and
organizations is distributed unequally.
*PERCEPTION - correct answer ✔a process by which individuals organize
and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their
environment.
*ATTRIBUTION THEORY - correct answer ✔an attempt to determine
whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused.
*FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR - correct answer ✔the tendency
to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the
influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of
others.
, *SELF-SERVING BIAS - correct answer ✔the tendency for individuals to
attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures
on external factors.
*SELECTIVE PERCEPTION - correct answer ✔the tendency to selectively
interpret what one sees on the basis of one's interests, background,
experience and attitude.
*HALO EFFECT - correct answer ✔the tendency to draw a general
impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.
*CONTRAST EFFECT - correct answer ✔evaluation of a person's
characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently
encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.
*STEREOTYPING - correct answer ✔Judging someone on the basis on
one's perception of the group to which that person belongs.
*SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY - correct answer ✔a situation in which a
person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting
expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the
original perception.
*RATIONAL DECISION- MAKING MODEL - correct answer ✔a decision-
making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to
maximize some outcomes.
*BOUNDED RATIONALITY - correct answer ✔a process of making
decisions by constructing simplified models that the essential features from
problems without capturing all their complexity.
