IMM250 Midterm UPDATED Questions
and CORRECT Answers
immune system - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- system of tissues, cells, and soluble products
that recognize, attack and destroy foreign entities that might be dangerous
pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - capable of causing disease in humans
- contain virulent factors
virulent factors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- particular proteins in pathogens that help them
cause disease
examples of virulent factors (4) (and what do they do?) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -
flagella: allows bacteria to swim through intestinal lumen
- adhesins: allow bacteria to stick to cells
- effector proteins: proteins in bacteria that force themselves into healthy cells and survive in
cell
- toxins: direct damage to host tissue
major classes of pathogens (5) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- virus, bacterium, fungus,
protozoal parasite, multicellular parasite
virus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - intracellular pathogen
- require our cells' machinery to survive
- ex. influenza
bacterium - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- prokaryote (no nucleus)
- ex. staphylococcus
fungus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- eukaryote (has nucleus)
- ex. Candida
,protozoal parasite - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- usually two or more hosts
- ex. malaria (in skeeters and humans)
multicellular parasite - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- multiple life cycles
- ex. tapeworm (live in gut)
stages of immune response (4) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. entry of pathogen
2. recognition
3. response
4. return to resting
recognition stage challenges - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - pathogens are highly varied in
structure
- mutate and evolve relatively quickly
response stage challenges - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - pathogens replicate or produce
toxins quickly
- infection can occur anywhere in body
return to resting stage challenges - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- immunopathology
immunopathology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - immune-induced disease
- collateral damage to healthy tissues caused by an immune response
- ex. common cold is return to resting stage where it's getting rid of the germs
mechanisms of defense against infection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - physical barriers
- innate immunity (innate cells and soluble factors)
- adaptive immunity (adaptive cells and antibodies)
, physical barriers - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - skin
- stomach acid
innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - specific cells and molecules that body makes
itself
- organisms possess a set number of recognition molecules
- cells are immediately active
adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - cells and molecules -> long lasting
immunity and memory
- infinite number of recognition molecules (antibodies)
immunitas - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- to be exempt from
first concept of immunity in context of disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - Peloponnesian
war between Sparta and Athens
- Sparta won because illness decimated Athenians
- Thucydides
Thucydides - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- noticed that those that recovered from illness during
Peloponnesian war, were resistant to secondary infection
smallpox (cause and what happens) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - caused by Variola major
(virus)
- causes eruption of small fluid-filled vesicles on skin, death, extensive scarring and blindness
in survivors
smallpox in battle - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - helped the conquest of Mexico by Spanish
colonists
- helped in American defeat in the battle of Quebec
and CORRECT Answers
immune system - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- system of tissues, cells, and soluble products
that recognize, attack and destroy foreign entities that might be dangerous
pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - capable of causing disease in humans
- contain virulent factors
virulent factors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- particular proteins in pathogens that help them
cause disease
examples of virulent factors (4) (and what do they do?) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -
flagella: allows bacteria to swim through intestinal lumen
- adhesins: allow bacteria to stick to cells
- effector proteins: proteins in bacteria that force themselves into healthy cells and survive in
cell
- toxins: direct damage to host tissue
major classes of pathogens (5) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- virus, bacterium, fungus,
protozoal parasite, multicellular parasite
virus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - intracellular pathogen
- require our cells' machinery to survive
- ex. influenza
bacterium - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- prokaryote (no nucleus)
- ex. staphylococcus
fungus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- eukaryote (has nucleus)
- ex. Candida
,protozoal parasite - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- usually two or more hosts
- ex. malaria (in skeeters and humans)
multicellular parasite - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- multiple life cycles
- ex. tapeworm (live in gut)
stages of immune response (4) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. entry of pathogen
2. recognition
3. response
4. return to resting
recognition stage challenges - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - pathogens are highly varied in
structure
- mutate and evolve relatively quickly
response stage challenges - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - pathogens replicate or produce
toxins quickly
- infection can occur anywhere in body
return to resting stage challenges - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- immunopathology
immunopathology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - immune-induced disease
- collateral damage to healthy tissues caused by an immune response
- ex. common cold is return to resting stage where it's getting rid of the germs
mechanisms of defense against infection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - physical barriers
- innate immunity (innate cells and soluble factors)
- adaptive immunity (adaptive cells and antibodies)
, physical barriers - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - skin
- stomach acid
innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - specific cells and molecules that body makes
itself
- organisms possess a set number of recognition molecules
- cells are immediately active
adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - cells and molecules -> long lasting
immunity and memory
- infinite number of recognition molecules (antibodies)
immunitas - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- to be exempt from
first concept of immunity in context of disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - Peloponnesian
war between Sparta and Athens
- Sparta won because illness decimated Athenians
- Thucydides
Thucydides - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- noticed that those that recovered from illness during
Peloponnesian war, were resistant to secondary infection
smallpox (cause and what happens) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - caused by Variola major
(virus)
- causes eruption of small fluid-filled vesicles on skin, death, extensive scarring and blindness
in survivors
smallpox in battle - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - helped the conquest of Mexico by Spanish
colonists
- helped in American defeat in the battle of Quebec
