Sibling violence - answer✔Any form of physical, mental/emotional or sexual abuse inflicted by
one child in a family unit on another (this definition includes children who may not be related
by blood, i.e. step-children)
The distinction between kid play and abuse - answer✔- Power disparity between siblings
- Frequency/duration of interaction
- Elements of pressure or secrecy
- Outcomes of interactions
- Developmental appropriateness
- Types of parental intervention
Physical abuse of a sibling - answer✔Any act of omissions (i.e. kicking, striking, punching, and
the use of instruments)
- prolonged tickling
Emotional abuse of a sibling - answer✔those acts of omissions - name calling, ridicule,
degradation, and destroying personal possessions
The most common form of sibling abuse - answer✔Emotional abuse, followed by sexual, and
then physical abuse
The prevalence of sibling violence - answer✔Most common and most ignored form - that's
because sibling violence is often seen as being "normal sibling rivalry"
The relationship between age and sibling violence - answer✔- As children grow older, sibling
violence becomes less common
- Sibling abuse occurs at a higher rate among children in families in which both child abuse and
intimate partner abuse are present
- sibling abuse is highest in multi-assaultive families
Serial abuse of siblings - answer✔Occurs when the perpetrator who is a member of the family
first abuses one child and then abuses another sibling (this type of abuse can be physical,
emotional, sexual, or a combination)
Interventions of sibling abuse - answer✔Removing a child from a home
3 ways a child can be exposed to partner violence - answer✔Observing, overhearing, and seeing
the effects (i.e. seeing a mom with bruises on her face the next day)
The prevalence of exposure to partner violence - answer✔Battered women tend to
underestimate the amount the children are exposed to the violence happening
Child behaviour checklist (CBCL) - answer✔A 120 item test of behaviour problems and social
confidence. It's completed by mothers, it deals with children age 4-16, it can give you an overall
rating of problem behaviour
The 3 factors of individual ratings of CBCL - answer✔1. Internalizing behaviours: things like
anxiety, depression, withdrawal
2. Externalizing behaviours: aggression, engaging in aggressive behaviours
3. Social competence: school performance
- Exposed children tend to exhibit more behavioural problems
Effects of partner violence on families - answer✔There is a negative relationship between
partner violence and family functioning - families that have partner violence don't function as
well
Factors affecting the impact of exposure to partner violence - answer✔- Age: there is no
consistent differences in terms of the impact of exposure with age
- Gender: the results of contradictory
Maternal impairment: the extent to which mothers are impaired in their parenting plays a role
in increasing their children's behavioural problems
- Exposure to multiple forms of violence: children who both observe and they themselves
experience some form of violence are more likely to have behavioural problems (Strauus called
this the double whammy)
The 4 theories to understand the effects of exposure to partner violence - answer✔1. Social
learning theory: exposure children's behavioural problems are reflecting learned behaviours
2. Family disruption (stress) hypothesis: family disruption and stress that result from the
violence indirectly account for children's behavioural problems
3. PTSD: behavioural consequences are PTSD effects
4. Attachment theory: the exposure to the violence affects the parent-to-child bonding
Children from homes where their mothers were victims of IPA - answer✔They have shown less
skill in understanding how others feel and examining situations from others' perspective
Facts that influence future adjustments - answer✔- The nature of the violence (its intensity,
proximity, and duration)
- The child (age, gender, developmental stage)
- The child's immediate and broader social context (parent-child relationship, social
connections)
Factors that help a child cope with exposure to violence in the family - answer✔- The existence
of a strong caring relationship with an adult (parent, teacher)
- Community safe havens (churches, school)
- A child's own internal resources (intelligence, interpersonal skills)
Parent abuse - answer✔Violence perpetrated by children who are between the ages of 3-18
who are usually dependent on their parents, and live with them in the same house
Characteristics of children who abuse their parents - answer✔- Race/ethnicity: visible minority
adolescence have been found to be less likely to abuse their parents than Caucasians
- Age: older children have been shown to be more likely to abuse their parents (six and strength
makes no difference)
- adolescence who abuse their parents tend to have little interest in school, and are frequently
truant (absent from school without permission), and they tend to have low self-esteem
Characteristics of families in which children abuse their parents - answer✔ot seenot- Presence
of other forms of violence in the family: if children have been exposed to violence between
their parents, they are more likely to engage in parent abuse (violence begets violence)
- Disengaged family relationships: where parents abuse takes place, families are disengaged
- Overly involved family relationships: the abuse may be an effort to get some distance from the
parents
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