Literary Criticism| UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE!! Pass
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Literary Criticism
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Literary Criticism
Cambridge School (1920s-1930s):
A group of scholars at Cambridge University who rejected historical and biographical
analysis of texts in favor of close readings of the texts themselves.
Chicago School (1950s):
A group, formed at the University of Chicago in the 1950s, that drew on Aristotle...
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Literary Criticism|2024-2025
UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE!! Pass
Cambridge School (1920s-1930s):
✓ A group of scholars at Cambridge University who rejected historical and biographical
analysis of texts in favor of close readings of the texts themselves.
Chicago School (1950s):
✓ A group, formed at the University of Chicago in the 1950s, that drew on Aristotle's
distinctions between the various elements within a narrative to analyze the relation
between form and structure. Critics and Criticisms: Ancient and Modern (1952) is the
major work of the Chicago School.
Deconstruction (1967-present):
✓ A philosophical approach to reading, first advanced by Jacques Derrida that attacks the
assumption that a text has a single, stable meaning. Derrida suggests that all
interpretation of a text simply constitutes further texts, which means there is no "outside
the text" at all. Therefore, it is impossible for a text to have stable meaning. The practice
of deconstruction involves identifying the contradictions within a text's claim to have a
single, stable meaning, and showing that a text can be taken to mean a variety of things
that differ significantly from what it purports to mean.
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✓ An umbrella term for a number of different critical approaches that seek to distinguish the
human experience from the male experience. Feminist critics draw attention to the ways in
which patriarchal social structures have marginalized women and male authors have
exploited women in their portrayal of them. Although feminist criticism dates as far back
as Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) and had some
significant advocates in the early 20th century, such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir, it did not gain widespread recognition as a theoretical and political movement
until the 1960s and 1970s.
Psychoanalytic criticism (1930-present)
✓ Any form of criticism that draws on psychoanalysis, the practice of analyzing the role of
unconscious psychological drives and impulses in shaping human behavior or artistic
production. The three main schools of psychoanalysis are named for the three leading
figures in developing psychoanalytic theory: Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Jacques
Lacan.
Freudian criticism (c. 1900-present):
✓ The view of art as the imagined fulfillment of wishes that reality denies. According to
Freud, artists sublimate their desires and translate their imagined wishes into art. We, as
an audience, respond to the sublimated wishes that we share with the artist. Working from
this view, an artist's biography becomes a useful tool in interpreting his or her work.
"Freudian criticism" is also used as a term to describe the analysis of Freudian images
within a work of art.
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✓ A school of criticism that draws on Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious, a
reservoir of common thoughts and experiences that all cultures share. Jung holds that
literature is an expression of the main themes of the collective unconscious, and critics
often invoke his work in discussions of literary archetypes. These archetypes are Shadow,
Anima, Animus, Spirit.
Lacanian criticism (c. 1977-present):
✓ Criticism based on Jacques Lacan's view that the unconscious, and our perception of
ourselves, is shaped in the "symbolic" order of language rather than in the "imaginary"
order of prelinguistic thought. Lacan is famous in literary circles for his influential reading
of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Purloined Letter.
Marxist criticism (1930-present)
✓ An umbrella term for a number of critical approaches to literature that draw inspiration
from the social and economic theories of Karl Marx. Marx maintained that material
production, or economics, ultimately determines the course of history, and in turn
influences social structures.These social structures, Marx argued, are held in place by the
dominant ideology, which serves to reinforce the interests of the ruling class. Marxist
criticism approaches literature as a struggle with social realities and ideologies.
Frankfurt School (c. 1923-1970):
✓ A group of German Marxist thinkers associated with the Institute for Social Research in
Frankfurt. These thinkers applied the principles of Marxism to a wide range of social
phenomena, including literature. Major members of the Frankfurt School include Theodor
Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin, Herbert Marcuse, and Jürgen Habermas.
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