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Immunology Test 1 with Accurate Solutions
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Immunology Test 1 with AccurateSolutions
Immunology Definition - correct Answer-It's the study of physiological mechanisms that
are used to defend the body from invasion by foreign or infectious agents.
What are the two immunological responses? - correct Answer-1. Flexible but specific
defenses of the adaptive immune response
2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response
Protective Immunity Definition - correct Answer-People who survive a specific infection
become immune to it.
What is the lag time between infection and protection? - correct Answer-7 Days
Pathogen Definition - correct Answer-Any organism with potential to cause disease.
Vaccination Definition - correct Answer-A disease is prevented by prior exposure to an
attenuated/killed infectious agent.
What must first occur in order for the immune system to develop protective immunity? -
correct Answer-The immune system must first engage the microorganism.
Examples of Gram Negative Bacteria - correct Answer-E. Coli, Salmonella, & Shigella
Examples of Gram Positive Bacteria - correct Answer-Staph Aureus & Mycobacterium
Gram Negative - correct Answer-lps
What cells compose the adaptive immune system? - correct Answer-T & B cells.
What cells compose the innate immune system? - correct Answer-NK cells.
Which infection is the most dangerous one? - correct Answer-The first infection.
Variolation - correct Answer-A primitive ancestor to vaccination. A process which used
dried crusts from smallpox pustules, inhaled or inserted into small cuts in the skin, to
induce immunity.
Edward Jenner - correct Answer-He discovered that cow pox is a viable vaccinator
against smallpox. He discovered vaccination in the modern era.
, Opportunistic Pathogen - correct Answer-A microorganism that causes disease only in
individuals whose immune systems are in some way compromised.
4 Types of Pathogens - correct Answer-Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, & Parasites.
Example of Bacterial Pathogen - correct Answer-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which
causes the disease Tuberculosis.
Examples of Viral Pathogen - correct Answer-Influenza which causes the Flu. & HIV
which causes AIDS
Example of Fungal Pathogen - correct Answer-Candida albicans which causes thrust
and systemic candidiasis diseases.
Example of Parasitic Pathogen - correct Answer-Typanosoma brucei which causes the
sleeping sickness disease. They're are unicellar protozoa and multi-cellular worms.
What is a problem with taking antibiotics? - correct Answer-When a round of antibiotics
is taken, there is no specificity for the pathogen, so a large percentage of the bacteria
(good and bad) are killed.
Commensal Bacteria - correct Answer-Over 500 species of normal flora bacteria in the
human gut. these are non-harmful.
MALT - correct Answer-(Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
The mucosal surfaces lining digestive, respiratory and urogenital tracts are the major
sites of entry for pathogens and are defended by this. Tissues range from loosely
organized clusters of lymphoid cells to well-organized structures - tonsils, appendix.
BALT - correct Answer-(Bronchial Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
-Lines the respiratory epithelium & the gastrointestinal tract
GALT - correct Answer-(Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
-Tonsils
-Adenoids
-Appendix
-Peyer's Patches
What is the immune systems' first line of defense? - correct Answer-Skin, which is an
external defense against infection. It's a tough impenetrable barrier. It's continuous with
epithelial lining.
Mucus - correct Answer-A thick fluid containing glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and
enzymes. Which are protective.
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