TENSES
1.1 Present tenses
Present tenses Past to present tenses
Present simple Present continuous Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous
Formation subject subject subject subject
+ verb (+s) + -ing-form + have/ has + have/ has been
+ -ed + -ing-form
Communicative 1 to talk about general truths and facts 1 to talk about ongoing actions 1 describing states/ actions that have 1 describing an ongoing action/ stage
function or permanent situations started in the past and are continuing which began in the past and is still
2 to talk about temporary actions
2 to talk about repeated actions/ in the present continuing or has just finished
3 to talk about states in a progress
events (habits) 2 describing actions that happened in with stress on duration
of change
3 to talk about a series of the past but may happen again 2 describing an ongoing action/ state
4 repeat its actions within temporary
events/ actions 3 describing actions that were which began in the past and is still
time
completed in the past but have some continuing or has just finished
5 events in the future which has
present results with stress on the activity as such
actually been arranged at the
moment of speaking
Example 1 The sun rises in the east. 1 At the moment, I’m teaching econ. 1 Since/ for + point in time 1 I have been studying for 3 hours.
2 The chef provides meals every day. 2 Lucy is staying in the Rita this time. 2 Often, seldom, (n)ever, so far, 2 We have been redecorating the
3 Cross the road, pass a gate… 3 British summers are getting hotter. already, yet, still living room.
4 I’m feeding the neighbours’ cat this 3 Just, recently, lately
week while she’s away.
5 We are seeing a musical next week.
1.1 Present tenses
Present tenses Past to present tenses
Present simple Present continuous Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous
Formation subject subject subject subject
+ verb (+s) + -ing-form + have/ has + have/ has been
+ -ed + -ing-form
Communicative 1 to talk about general truths and facts 1 to talk about ongoing actions 1 describing states/ actions that have 1 describing an ongoing action/ stage
function or permanent situations started in the past and are continuing which began in the past and is still
2 to talk about temporary actions
2 to talk about repeated actions/ in the present continuing or has just finished
3 to talk about states in a progress
events (habits) 2 describing actions that happened in with stress on duration
of change
3 to talk about a series of the past but may happen again 2 describing an ongoing action/ state
4 repeat its actions within temporary
events/ actions 3 describing actions that were which began in the past and is still
time
completed in the past but have some continuing or has just finished
5 events in the future which has
present results with stress on the activity as such
actually been arranged at the
moment of speaking
Example 1 The sun rises in the east. 1 At the moment, I’m teaching econ. 1 Since/ for + point in time 1 I have been studying for 3 hours.
2 The chef provides meals every day. 2 Lucy is staying in the Rita this time. 2 Often, seldom, (n)ever, so far, 2 We have been redecorating the
3 Cross the road, pass a gate… 3 British summers are getting hotter. already, yet, still living room.
4 I’m feeding the neighbours’ cat this 3 Just, recently, lately
week while she’s away.
5 We are seeing a musical next week.
