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The Sun Also Rises - Ernest Hemingway book analysis
Summary and book analysis (themes, characters, setting and more) of 'The Sun Also Rises' from Ernest Hemingway.
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Title: ‘The Sun Also Rises’Author: Ernest Hemingway
First published: 1926
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The facts
The title
Just like the characters in the book, Hemingway was part
of the Lost Generation. This term was first used by
Gertrude Stein. She called a group of American author that
stayed in Paris in the period between the two world wars
the ‘Lost Generation’. ‘Lost’ refers to the disoriented spirit
of many of the war’s survivors. Hemingway uses the title to portray the
idea of being meaningless by the title. This title comes from a phrase in
the book of Ecclesiastes in the Bible:
“What advantage does man have in all his work
Which he does under the sun?
A generation goes and a generation comes,
But the earth remains forever.
Also, the sun rises and the sun sets;”
Despite all of that meaninglessness, there is hope, and it comes in the
form of a sunrise. It rose today, and it will rise again tomorrow.
Summary
The story is divided into three parts (book 1,2 and 3).
Book 1 is about the everyday life of Jake, Robert and Bill, who live in
Paris. In this part of the story the reader gets to know some of their
friends.
Cohn comes to Jake’s office one afternoon to try to convince Jake to go
with him to South America. Jake refuses, and he takes pains to get rid of
Cohn. That night at a dance club, Jake runs into Lady Brett Ashley, the
love of Jake’s life. She and Jake met in England during World War I, when
Brett treated Jake for a war wound.
The next morning, Jake and Cohn have lunch. Cohn is quite taken with
Brett, and he gets angry when Jake tells him that Brett plans to marry
Mike Campbell, a heavy-drinking Scottish war veteran. That afternoon,
Brett turns Jake’s idea down to go out. That night, however, she arrives
unexpectedly at his apartment with Count Mippipopolous, a rich Greek
expatriate. After sending the count out for champagne, Brett tells Jake
that she is leaving for San Sebastian, in Spain, saying it will be easier on
both of them to be apart.
Book 2 is about the annual fishing trip of Jake, Robert and Bill to Spain.
Several weeks later, while Brett and Cohn are both traveling outside of
Paris, one of Jake’s friends, a fellow American war veteran named Bill
Gorton, arrives in Paris. Bill and Jake make plans to leave for Spain to do
some fishing and later attend the fiesta at Pamplona. Jake makes plans to
meet Cohn on the way to Pamplona. Jake runs into Brett, who has
, returned from San Sebastian; with her is Mike, her fiancé. They ask if they
may join Jake in Spain and he politely responds that they may. When Mike
leaves for a moment, Brett reveals to Jake that she and Cohn were in San
Sebastian together.
Bill and Jake take a train from Paris to Bayonne, in the south of France,
where they meet Cohn. The three men travel together into Spain, to
Pamplona. They plan on meeting Brett and Mike that night, but the couple
does not show up. Bill and Jake decide to leave for a small town called
Burguete to fish, but Cohn chooses to stay and wait for Brett. Bill and Jake
travel to the Spanish countryside and check into a small, rural inn. They
spend five pleasant days fishing, drinking, and playing cards. Eventually,
Jake receives a letter from Mike. He writes that he and Brett will be
arriving in Pamplona shortly. Jake and Bill leave on a bus that afternoon
to meet the couple. After arriving in Pamplona, Jake and Bill check into a
hotel owned by Montoya, a Spanish bullfighting expert who likes Jake for
his earnest interest in the sport. Jake and Bill meet up with Brett, Mike,
and Cohn, and the whole group goes to watch the bulls being unloaded in
preparation for the bullfights during the fiesta. Mike mocks Cohn harshly
for following Brett around when he is not wanted.
After a few more days of preparation, the fiesta begins. The city is
consumed with dancing, drinking, and general debauchery. The highlight
of the first day is the first bullfight, at which Pedro Romero, a nineteen-
year-old prodigy, distinguishes himself above all the other bullfighters.
Despite its violence, Brett cannot take her eyes off the bullfight, or
Romero. A few days later, Jake and his friends are at the hotel dining
room, and Brett notices Romero at a nearby table. She persuades Jake to
introduce her to him. Mike again verbally abuses Cohn, and they almost
come to blows before Jake defuses the situation. Later that night, Brett
asks Jake to help her find Romero, with whom she says she has fallen in
love. Jake agrees to help, and Brett and Romero spend the night together.
Jake then meets up with Mike and Bill, who are both extremely drunk.
Cohn soon arrives, demanding to know where Brett is. After an exchange
of insults, Cohn attacks Mike and Jake, knocking them both out. When
Jake returns to the hotel, he finds Cohn lying face down on his bed and
crying. Cohn begs Jake’s forgiveness, and Jake reluctantly grants it. The
next day, Jake learns from Bill and Mike that the night before Cohn also
beat up Romero when he discovered the bullfighter with Brett; Cohn later
begged Romero to shake hands with him, but Romero refused.
At the bullfight that afternoon, Romero fights brilliantly, dazzling the
crowd by killing a bull that had gored a man to death in the streets.
Afterward, he cuts the bull’s ear off and gives it to Brett. After this final
bullfight, Romero and Brett leave for Madrid together. Cohn has left that
morning, so only Bill, Mike, and Jake remain as the fiesta draws to a close.
In book 3 the friends go their separate ways. Mike and Bill go back to
Paris and Jake goes to San Sebastian. He gets a message from Brett
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