Samenvatting
Samenvatting blok 5 Gezondheidswetenschappen Technologie & Innovatie colleges en werkgroepen GW205K
Een samenvatting van de werkgroepen, colleges, aantekeningen week 1-9
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Week 1 blok 5, BMGSamenvatting week 1 blok 5, BMG
1.1 C: INTRO LECTURE
Leerdoelen:
• can explain the basic concepts of technology and innovation in health care.
• can describe what innovation is and explain the different classifications of innovation.
• can describe different classifications of technologies.
Verplichte literatuur:
• A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology: a literature
review; Rosanna Garcia and Roger Calantone . First published: 26 September
2003. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1920110
Literatuur A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology: a literature
review; Rosanna Garcia and Roger Calantone . First published: 26 September 2003
Why is it necessary to have a consistent typology for identifying innovations? It is only possible to advance our
knowledge of innovations by understanding what is the difference between a radical innovation, a really new
innovation, and an incremental innovation.
The purpose of this article is to delineate the domain of the constructs ‘innovation’ and ‘innovativeness’, to provide an
operational definition, and to introduce a comprehensive framework for directing future research.
‘Innovation’ defined
OECD (1991) ‘Innovation’ is an iterative process initiated by the perception of a new market and/or new service
opportunity for a technologybased invention which leads to development, production, and marketing tasks striving for
the commercial success of the invention.
This definition addresses two important distinctions:
[1] the ‘innovation’ process comprises the technological development of an invention combined with the
market introduction of that invention to end-users through adoption and diffusion, and
[2] the innovation process is iterative in nature and thus, automatically includes the first introduction of a new
innovation and the reintroduction of an improved innovation.
It is important to elucidate that an invention does not become an innovation until it has processed through production
and marketing tasks and is diffused into the marketplace
‘Innovativeness’ defined
We thus maintain that product innovativeness is a measure of the potential discontinuity a product (process or service)
can generate in the marketing and/or technological process. From a macro perspective, ‘innovativeness’ is the capacity
of a new innovation to create a paradigm shift in the science and technology and/or market structure in an industry.
From a micro perspective, ‘innovativeness’ is the capacity of a new innovation to influence the firm’s existing
marketing resources, technological resources, skills, knowledge, capabilities, or strategy.
,Macro/microperspective
The measurements utilized in the empirical analyses reviewed can be broken into two frameworks; (a) a macrolevel
where the concern is measuring how the characteristics of product innovation is new to the world, the market, or an
industry [4,35,37,40,50,64], and (b) a microlevel where product innovativeness is identified as new to the firm or the
customer
The microperspective views product innovativeness as new to the firm or new to the firm’s customer
From a macro perspective, innovativeness is evaluated based on factors exogenous to the firm, such as familiarity of
the innovation to the world and industry or creation of new competitors from the introduction of new innovations.
Macro discontinuities are felt worldwide, industry-wide or market-wide
Aantekeningen college:
Overlap tussen drie verschillende definities: tools, knowledge and producing new goods ands services. Wat zijn de
main elements?
De focus ligt in dit blok op technologie waarbij digitale aspecten horen.
Assistive technology: bijvoorbeeld een rollator. Dit is een walking aid. Assistive technology helpen mensen en daar is
technologie in. Het overlapt dus, er zijn geen vaste grenzen.
Defining technology
• Wikipedia:
• ("science of craft", from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, -logia[2]) is the
collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or
in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation.
• Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary
• “the use of science in industry, engineering, etc., to invent useful things or to solve problems" and "a
machine, piece of equipment, method, etc., that is created by technology."
• In 1937, the American sociologist Read Bain wrote that "technology includes all tools, machines, utensils,
weapons, instruments, housing, clothing, communicating and transporting devices and the skills by which we
produce and use them."
2
,Medical technology
Devices, medicines, procedures and systems designed to prevent, cure
or mitigate health problems.
• Devices
• Medicines & vaccines
• Procedures
• Systems
But it’s blurry and it overlaps.
Health information technology
Information technology applied to health and health care
• Electronic Medical Record
• Patient Portal
• Telemedicine/telehealth
• M-health
• Etc.
Defining innovation
Key elements:
• what is it that is new and innovative?
• To how is this innovation new?
o Customer
o The firm
o Organization
o Industry
o Firm/industry: twee verschillende
perspectieven van innovatie. Radical
innovation: new tot he firm AND
industry. compleet nieuw. Incremental
innovation: new to the firm only. Radical
innovation is more effective than
incremental.
• On which level is this element new? (On the level
of industry/firm)
o Market
o Technology
o Design
Definitions
- Product: tangible elements that can vary in the degree of technology they comprise.
3
, - Service: the activities and actions with an economic value, set in place to enhance the interaction
with a product.
- System: the collection of elements, such as infrastructure, people, regulations, organizations, and
others, needed to deliver the solution.
- PSS: market offerings that combine products and services, and present them as single solutions to
customers.
In de zorg gaat het vaak om de combinatie van een service en product. Vaak is het dus de product/service combinatie
die nieuw is.
Innovation & technology: the relationship
• Technologies are specific types of innovation.
• In healthcare the majority of current innovations involve technology.
• So, when we talk about innovation, we will often use technologies as examples and vice versa, when we talk
about technologies we will mostly refer to new innovations.
Claims about technology & innovation in healthcare
• Healthcare is very slow when it comes to innovation
• There are so many innovations in healthcare that people cannot keep up
• Healthcare needs technology/innovation to advance
• We need to go back to the basics of healthcare
• Technology is good, it empowers patients/user
• Technology is bad, it dehumanizes care
• Technology is the future, it helps us go beyond human capacity
• Technology is scary, it is taking over human intellect
Stage gate model: steps to develop a technology. Als je door een ‘poort’ bent kan je geen stapje terug.
Focus of the course: flexible processes. Het gaat niet om stapjes, je bent nooit klaar.
1.2 C: THE FUTURE OF HEALTHCARE AND THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY
Leerdoelen:
• can give a basic description of philosophy of technology and the types of questions that are asked from this
perspective
• can describe in general terms the development of philosophy of technology based on the three periods
identified by Van den Berg & Keymolen
Verplichte literatuur:
• Van den Berg, B., & Keymolen, E. (2013). Techniekfilosofie: Het medium is de maat. Wijsgerig Perspectief,
53(1), 8-17.
Literatuur: Van den Berg, B., & Keymolen, E. (2013). Techniekfilosofie: Het medium is de maat. Wijsgerig
Perspectief, 53(1), 8-17.
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