Samenvatting
Samenvatting Interpersonal communication
- Instelling
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Dit bestand bevat 2 tentamens en een samenvatting van het vak interpersonal communication 1.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 61 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 61 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
1 beoordeling
Door: Bassima • 8 jaar geleden
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
1. read the brief conversation between person A and person B. Person A: “is Henk a goodtruck driver?” B: “Yes indeed, he knows that when he turns the wheel to the left that the car
turns left, and that when he pushes the gas pedal the truck moves faster.”
According to the conversation principles formulated by Paul Grice:…
a. Person B violates the ‘maxim of Quantity’.
b. Person B violates the ‘maxim of Quality’.
c. Person B violates the ‘maxim of Cooperation’.
d. Answer a, b and c are all correct.
2. Speech act theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969) says that any verbal utterance (e.g., “close
the door”) is an action that consists of different “acts”. For instance, in an utterance one can
distinguish an illocutionary act and a perlocutionary act. What do these terms mean?
a. The illocutionary act of an utterance is the actual production of the sounds of words
with a specific conventional meaning; the perlocutionary act is the “force” of utterance
(the intended meaning; e.g., requesting something).
b. The illocutionary act of an utterance is the effect of the utterance of the listener; the
perlocutionary act is the “force” of utterance (the intended meaning; e.g., requesting
something).
c. The illocutionary act of an utterance is the “force” of the utterance (the
intended meaning; e.g., requesting something); the perlocutionary act is the effect
of the utterance on the listener.
d. The illocutionary act of an utterance is the actual production of the sounds of words
with a specific conventional meaning; the perlocutionary act is the effect of the
utterance on the listener.
3. Each communication channel comes with specific constraints (restrictions) and
affordances. Claark & Brennan (1991; lecture 1) distinguished a number of constraints. One
of them is “simultaneity”. What does it specifically mean when person A and B communicate
through a channel with this constraint (i.e., there is no simultaneity)?
a. Person A and B are not present in the interaction at the same time.
b. Person A and B do not share the same physical environment during their interaction.
c. Person A and B cannot send a message and receive a messages at the same
time.
d. Person A and B cannot correct their messages before the send them.
4. The Johari window is a model describing interpersonal interaction. The model consists of a
‘window’ with four quadrants: open self, hidden self, blind self, and unknown self. What does
‘self-disclosure’ mean in this model?
a. When information moves from the quadrant ‘blind self’ to the quadrant ‘open self’.
b. When either information from the quadrants ‘blind self’, ‘open self’ or ‘unknown
self’ is shared with an interaction partner.
c. When information moves from the quadrant ‘hidden self’ to the quadrant ‘blind self’
d. When information moves from the quadrant ‘hidden self’ to the quadrant
‘open self’.
, 5. Research has shown that referring utterances (i.e., utterances to describe/ refer to a topic or
object) tend to get shorter and shorter during the course of a conversation. An abstract
drawing is in the beginning of the conversation for instance described as ä ball with a stick
attached to it”. Later in the conversation it is described as “the lollipop”. This is an example
of:
a. The fact that ‘grounding’ takes place during the course of the interaction.
b. The use of the heuristic of ‘physical copresence’.
c. The use of the ‘consensus heuristic’.
d. The fact that errors in assumptions about common ground become clear during a
conversation.
6. One of the heuristics that people, according to Clark (1996), use to determine what is
common ground in a conversation, is the heuristic of ‘linguistic copresence’. What is this
heuristic about?
a. Information that is previously introduced in the conversation is assumed to be
part of the common ground.
b. If two people are physically together they assume that what both perceive is part of
the common ground.
c. The semantic meaning of the language that is spoken is assumed to be part of the
common ground.
d. Conversation partners assume that what is part of the common ground will change
on a moment-to-moment basis during the course of conversations, and that they
verbally need to signal understanding.
7. What is the ‘fundamental attribution error’?
a. The tendency of people to attribute behavior of others to personality
dispositions rather than to the situation in which the other person finds himself.
b. The tendency of people to overestimate the influence of situational forces on other
people’s behavior.
c. The tendency of people to attribute their own behavior to personality dispositions
instead of to situation in which one finds himself.
d. The tendency of people to underestimate the influence of personality dispositions on
other people’s behavior.
8. Jeremy Bailenson (lect 3; Bailenson et al.,m Chapt. 5 Konijn) describes a phenomenon
called the ‘proteus effect’. What does this effect entail ?
a. When an avatar is controlled by two people at the same time (one is controlling
verbal other nonverbal behaviour), it is more influential and persuasive compared to
regular avatars.
b. When people controlling an avatar tend to show behaviour that is associated
with the appearance of their avatar.
c. When an avatar is programmed such that it directly gazes at more than a single
interactant in a system at once, it is more influential and persuasive compared to
regular avatars.
d. When a person interacting in virtual reality is able to adopt the sensory perspective
of the interaction partner, the interaction becomes more efficient and effective.
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