This summary covers all the content that is covered in the course: Microeconomics: Markets and Games. This course is part of the Bachelor: Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation, at Tilburg University.
Year 1, semester 2
COMPLETE SUMMARY
Antwoord: - Fixed input = cannot be changed in a short run/fixed for a period of time (e.g. land)
- Variable input = can be changed at any time (e.g. labor, intermediary good)
2.
What is the Production function?
Antwoord: relationship between quantity of input and quantity of output (for given amount of a fixed input).
3.
Explain what a Marginal product input is?
Antwoord: change in output generated by adding one unit of input, given an amount of other input (= marginal analysis). Can become negative (if firm hires too many employees who distract each other).
4.
Constant returns to scale = inputs increase by a given proportion, production increases more than proportionally. True or false?
Antwoord: False! Constant returns to scale = inputs increase by a given proportion, production increases by the same proportion
5.
What are Economies of scale?
Antwoord: cost advantage (more favorable terms/bargaining power) and demand advantages (network effects, e.g. value rises with number of users).
6.
What is the formula for: Average total cost (ATC)?
Antwoord: TC/Q. This is the average cost per unit produced.
7.
If AC > MC: AC is decreasing. True or false?
Antwoord: True!
8.
What does the Isoprofit curve show?
Antwoord: shows price quantity combinations that have the same profit.
Consumer surplus (CS) = difference between revenue and marginal cost. True or false?
Antwoord: False! Consumer surplus (CS) = difference between willingness-to-pay and purchase price
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Microeconomics Summary
Module 1-X
Timo Verkade
,M1: Production and cost
functions
- Key concepts of production function
- Key concepts of cost function
Introduction
A firm’s success and ability to grow partly depends on its pricing and production decisions.
Production function
A firm transforms inputs into output. In the long run all inputs can be adjusted.
2 types of inputs:
- Fixed input = cannot be changed in a short run/fixed for a period of time (e.g. land)
- Variable input = can be changed at any time (e.g. labor, intermediary good)
Production function = relationship between quantity of input and quantity of output (for given
amount of a fixed input).
Marginal product input = change in output generated by adding one unit of input, given an amount
of other input (= marginal analysis). Can become negative (if firm hires too many employees who
distract each other).
Increasing returns to scale = inputs increase by a given proportion, production increases more than
proportionally
Constant returns to scale = inputs increase by a given proportion, production increases by the same
proportion
Decreasing returns to scale = inputs increase by a given proportion, production increases less than
proportionally
Economies of scale includes cost advantage (more favorable terms/bargaining power) and demand
advantages (network effects, e.g. value rises with number of users).
, - Can also suffer from diseconomies of scale (= additional layers of bureaucracy as example)
Cost function
Total cost (TC) = Variable cost (VC) + Fixed cost (FC)
2 types of costs
- Fixed cost (FC) = cost of fixed input (e.g. rent). Does not depend on quantity of output.
- Variable cost (VC) = increases with the quantity of output (e.g. salary, electricity, COGS).
Cost function = shows how total production costs vary with quantity produced.
Average total cost (ATC) = TC/Q. This is the average cost per unit produced.
Marginal cost (MC) = The effect on total cost of producing one additional unit of output (slope).
- If AC > MC: AC is decreasing
- If AC < MC: AC is increasing
- MC intersects the AC curve at its lowest point
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