CFA final test 2022
6 components of the Code of
Ethics: ANS: +Act with integrity, competence, diligence, respect and in an
ethical manner wit the public, clients, prospective clients,
employers, employees, colleagues, and all participants in global
markets
+Place integrity of profession a...
CFA final test 2022
6 components of the Code of
Ethics: ANS: +Act with integrity, competence, diligence, respect and in an
ethical manner wit the public, clients, prospective clients,
employers, employees, colleagues, and all participants in global
markets
+Place integrity of profession and interest of clients above all else
+Use reasonable care and independent professional judgement
when conducting investment analysis, making investment
recommendations, taking investment action, and engaging in
professional activities
+Practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and
ethical manner that will reflect credit on themselves and the
profession
+Promote the integrity, and uphold the rules of, the capital markets
+Maintain and improve
7 Standards of Professional
Conduct: ANS: +Professionalism
+Integrity of Capital Markets
+Duties to Clients
+Duties to Employers
+Investment Analysis, Recommendation
and Action
+Conflicts of Interest
+Responsibilities of a CFA
Member/Candidate
A change in accounting
estimates... ANS: Is a change due to new
information and does not require
old statements to reflect it
A change in accounting
principles... ANS: Requires restatement of prior
financial statements
A Priori Probability ANS: Comes from a formal reasoning
and inspection process; an
objective probability
Absolute Yield Spread ANS: The difference between yields on two
bonds;
= Higher Bond Yield - Lower Bond
Yield;
Most commonly used;
,Shortcoming is it may always remain
constant even as yield rise or fall
Accelerated Depreciation ANS: Applies depreciation more at the
beginning of an assets life
Accelerated Sinking Fund ANS: Allows the issuer the choice of
retiring more than the amount of
bonds specified in the sinking fund
requirement
Accounting Information Flow ANS: 1. Journal record every transaction by order of date
in the general journal
2. The general ledger sorts the entries in the
general journal by account
3. An initial trade balance is prepared at the end of
the period to show the balance of each account
and adjustments are then made
4. Financial statements are made from the
adjusted trial balances
Accounting Warning Signs ANS: +Aggressive revenue recognition
+Different growth rates of operating cash flow and earnings
+Abnormal sales growth as compared to the economy, industry or peers
+Abnormal inventory growth compared to sales growth
*Could be signs of obsolete products
+Boosting revenue with nonoperating income and nonrecurring gains
+Delaying expense recognition
+Abnormal use of operating leases by lessees
+Hiding expenses by classifying them as extraordinary or nonrecurring
+LIFO liquidations
+Abnormal gross margin and operating margin as compared to industry
peers
+Extending the useful lives of long-term assets
+Aggressive pension assumptions
+Year-end surprises
+Equity method investments and off-balance-sheet special purpose entities
+Other off-balance-sheet financing arrangements including debt guarantees
Accrual Accounts ANS: +State the objective and context
+Gather data
+Process data
+Analyze and interpret data
+Report conclusions and
recommendations
+Update analysis
Acquisition Method of Accounting
,for Business Combinations ANS: When the purchase price is
allocated to the identifiable assets
and liabilities of the acquired firm
based on fair value and the rest is
recorded as goodwill
Action lag ANS: Time it takes governments to vote
on and enact policy
Active crawling peg ANS: When the adjustments are
periodic, announced and
implemented
Ad Hoc Auction Services ANS: Method where central government
auctions new securities when
market conditions are
advantageous
Addition of Probability ANS: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AB)
Adjustments to Compare Firms'
Financial Statements ANS: +Accounting of investment
securities
+Inventory cost methods
+Depreciation schedules
+Off-balance-sheet financing
+Treatment of goodwill and other
intangible assets
Administrative Steps to Capital
Budgeting ANS: *Idea generation
*Analyzing project proposals
*Create firm-wide capital budget
*Monitoring decisions and
conducting a post-audit
Advantages of ETFs ANS: Exchange-Traded Funds (funds which track indices)
+Efficient diversification
+Traded like a stock
+Better risk management by having options and
futures markets
+Investors know the exact composition of the fund
throughout the day
+Low expense ratios
+No worry about trading a a premium or discount
to NAV
+Dividends can be reinvested immediately
+Low capital gains tax liability
, Advantages of NPV and IRR ANS: NPV: A direct measure of the
expected increase in the value of a
firm
IRR: A percentage and shows
return on each dollar invested
Adverse auditor's opinion ANS: The statements are not presented
fairly or don't conform to
standards
Affirmative Covenants ANS: When the borrower promises to do
certain things
After-Tax Nominal Return ANS: The return after tax liability is deducted
Agency Bonds ANS: Securities issued by various agencies and organizations of the Federal government;
Most aren't guaranteed by US Government explicitly, but it is implicit; Federally related institutions are
owned by the US Government and are exempt from SEC rules and
are guaranteed by US Gov't;
Government sponsored enterprises are privately
owned but publicly chartered organizations and
were created by Congress but not guaranteed by
US Gov't
All or Nothing Orders ANS: Trades that execute only if the entire lot can be bought
Alternative Hypothesis ANS: What is concluded if null is
rejected
American Depository Receipts ANS: Receipts denominated in US
Dollar and trade in the US;
The security it is based on is called the American Depository Share
American Option ANS: Exercisable at any time;
Will never have a smaller
premium than a European option;
More flexible
Amortization ANS: Only done on assets with finite
lives and is done the same as
depreciation
Amortizing Bonds ANS: Pay periodic interest and principal
payments over the life of a bond;
Payments are equal with the
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper HIGHFLYER. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €13,65. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
