UNDERSTANDING Medical Surgical Nursing FIFTH EDITION

UNDERSTANDING Medical Surgical Nursing FIFTH EDITION Paula D. Hopper, MSN, RN, CNE Professor of Nursing Jackson College Jackson, Michigan Linda S. Williams, MSN, RN Professor of Nursing Jackson College Jackson, Michigan F.A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 Copyright © 2015 by F.A. Davis Company Copyright © 2015 by F.A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Acquisitions Editor: Lisa B. Houck Director of Content Development: Darlene D. Pedersen Content Project Manager: Elizabeth D. Hart Illustration & Design Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The au- thor(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. ISBN 13: 978-0- Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F.A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: /11 0 + $.25. 4069_FM_i-viii 25/11/14 3:15 PM Page iv Proudly sourced and uploaded by [StormRG] Kickass Torrents | TPB | ET | h33t Preface NOTE TO THE STUDENT The Student Workbook for Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing has been written and edited by the authors to accompany the fifth edition of Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing. We have included exercises that not only help you review content, but also will help you develop your critical thinking abilities. It is essential for you to be able to think critically about the content as you prepare for the NCLEX-PN. We hope you will use this resource as well as your electronic study guide and the great resources on DavisPlus. SUGGESTIONS FOR USING THE STUDY GUIDE Checklists for Learning Success are provided at the beginning of each unit. You can use these checklists to track your study of the major topics. Each chapter includes: • An exercise to help you practice chapter vocabulary items. It is important to understand the underlying vocabulary before attempting to apply the terms to understand the re- mainder of the information in each chapter. • Basic matching, true/false, word scramble, and other exercises to allow you to practice and understand medical-surgical nursing information. These exercises are most helpful for developing knowledge and recall of material. • Critical thinking exercises to help you practice your new knowledge in patient situations and make good clinical judgments. We feel strongly that you must learn to think criti- cally, rather than just memorize facts. The answers we provide for the critical thinking exercises are just some of the possibilities. You will come up with additional answers of your own as your knowledge base expands. • NCLEX-PN style questions to provide practice in applying your new knowledge. Rationale for why an answer is correct or incorrect has been included to strengthen your critical thinking and test-taking abilities. • Function and Assessment chapters also include a labeling exercise to help you review basic anatomy. STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS • To students: Study Guide answers are posted on the instructor’s DavisPlus site. Ask your instructor about accessing answers. • To instructors: Study Guide answers are posted on the instructor’s DavisPlus site. Stu- dents do not have access to Study Guide answers. Please provide answers to students according to your needs. We hope you find this study guide useful. Happy studying! PAULA D. H OPPER AND LINDA S. WILLIAMS v 4069_FM_i-viii 25/11/14 3:15 PM Page v 4069_FM_i-viii 25/11/14 3:15 PM Page vi Contents UNIT ONE Understanding Health Care Issues 1 1 Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process 2 2 Evidence-Based Practice 5 3 Issues in Nursing Practice 8 4 Cultural Influences on Nursing Care 12 5 Complementary and Alternative Modalities 16 UNIT TWO Understanding Health and Illness 19 6 Nursing Care of Patients With Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances 20 7 Nursing Care of Patients Receiving Intravenous Therapy 23 8 Nursing Care of Patients With Infections 26 9 Nursing Care of Patients in Shock 30 10 Nursing Care of Patients in Pain 34 11 Nursing Care of Patients With Cancer 37 12 Nursing Care of Patients Having Surgery 40 13 Nursing Care of Patients With Emergent Conditions and Disaster/Bioterrorism Response 45 UNIT THREE Understanding Life Span Influences on Health and Illness 49 14 Developmental Considerations in the Nursing Care of Adults 50 15 Nursing Care of Older Adult Patients 53 16 Nursing Care of Patients at Home 57 17 Nursing Care of Patients at the End of Life 60 UNIT FOUR Understanding the Immune System63 18 Immune System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures 64 19 Nursing Care of Patients With Immune Disorders 68 20 Nursing Care of Patients With HIV Disease and AIDS 74 UNIT FIVE Understanding the Cardiovascular System 77 21 Cardiovascular System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures 78 22 Nursing Care of Patients With Hypertension 82 23 Nursing Care of Patients With Valvular, Inflammatory, and Infectious Cardiac or Venous Disorders 86 24 Nursing Care of Patients With Occlusive Cardiovascular Disorders 92 25 Nursing Care of Patients With Cardiac Dysrhythmias 96 26 Nursing Care of Patients With Heart Failure 102 UNIT SIX Understanding the Hematologic and Lymphatic Systems 107 27 Hematologic and Lymphatic System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures 108 28 Nursing Care of Patients With Hematologic and Lymphatic Disorders 112 UNIT SEVEN Understanding the Respiratory System117 29 Respiratory System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures 118 30 Nursing Care of Patients With Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders 123 31 Nursing Care of Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders 126 UNIT EIGHT Understanding the Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Systems 131 32 Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary, and Pancreatic Systems Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures 132 vii 4069_FM_i-viii 25/11/14 3:15 PM Page vii 33 Nursing Care of Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders 137 34 Nursing Care of Patients With Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders 141 35 Nursing Care of Patients With Liver, Pancreatic, and Gallbladder Disorders 144 UNIT NINE Understanding the Urinary System149 36 Urinary System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures 150 37 Nursing Care of Patients With Disorders of the Urinary System 154 UNIT TEN Understanding the Endocrine System159 38 Endocrine System Function and Assessment 160 39 Nursing Care of Patients With Endocrine Disorders 163 40 Nursing Care of Patients With Disorders of the Endocrine Pancreas 167 UNIT ELEVEN Understanding the Genitourinary and Reproductive System 171 41 Genitourinary and Reproductive System Function and Assessment 172 42 Nursing Care of Women With Reproductive System Disorders 177 43 Nursing Care of Male Patients With Genitourinary Disorders 180 44 Nursing Care of Patients With Sexually Transmitted Infections 183 UNIT TWELVE Understanding the Musculoskeletal System 187 45 Musculoskeletal Function and Assessment 188 46 Nursing Care of Patients With Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders 192