Fleeson, W. (2004). Moving personality beyond the person-situation debate: The challenge and the opportunity of within-person variability. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 83-87.
Meyer, R. D., Dalal, R. S., & Hermida, R. (2010). A review and synthesis of situational strength in t...
Session 2: Foundation of behavior in organizations
Focus:
- Person-situation perspective/debate
- Situational strength
Fleeson
The person situation debate: a debate on whether the
person perspective/Trait approach which states that
people will behave similarly across situations is right or the
Situation perspective/Social cognitive approach which
says that people will act different across different situations is right.
Density distribution approach:
- Use to measure how different a person acts on different occasions & to assess similarity
between people
- Task: to follow different people as they go through their daily lives, the observer will
note on a 7point Likert scale how often a person showed these traits:
conscientiousness, extraversions, intellect, emotional stability &
agreeableness
Figure 1: Left supports person perspective (Narrower),
Right supports Situation perspective (Broader)
1. The person perspective:
à Trait are valuable for describing how people act in everyday life, and trait psychology is
needed to understand these behavioral differences between individuals.
- Believes in traits
- Similarly, across situations = High cross situation consistency
- Helpful when needed to look at stable/average differences between people
- Management/Leadership focus: firing, selecting process, recruit - focused on finding
people who have the right/stable characteristics to help them succeed in any
environment
- Tries to explain between person variances
2. The situation perspective:
à Can explain the large amount of within person variability.
- Does not believe in trait
- Behave differently across situations= Low cross situation
consistency
- Good when looking at immediate behavior
- Management/Leadership: job design/ systems, reward & promote-
creating situations in the job that people find motivating, satisfying
etc. and thereby increasing their effort e.g., the sig. of the task,
degree of autonomy, compensation etc.
Interactionist: agree situation is primary, but also hypothesize that personality exist consist
of individual differences between people in how they react to situations.
Evidence for the Person perspective:
- Studying Central points & stability: by testing whether people have different central
points and whether those points are stable.
- Central point: the average of a person’s behavior in each time
- Task: look at people behavior in different periods e.g., week 1, week 2 you need
calculate the average for each PS on that trait for that time period.
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