Aantekeningen Hoorcollege Organization and Environment
Tentamen:
30MC questions
75% tentamen, 25% assignment
No open book
Proctorio (Cirrus)
Exam
• Course grade (final grade) calculation = Exam grade*0.75 + Group assignment
grade*0.25
• Both grades need to separately score above a 5.5 to pass the course
• Exam in fully Multiple Choice
• Exam involves all material discussed/associated with the course
• Slides (including O&E Dialogue!)
• Book
• Articles
• Exam is in English
,Lecture 1 (Introduction)
But is that reality?
- Strategy formation done by visionaries
- Strategy is formed by humans: biases in strategic decisionmaking
o Attention
o Intuition
- Strategy is formed by whoever is the strongest politically
- Strategy is formed by imitating what other firms do
- And many more perspectives
Prescriptive: something that you need to take/do perspectives what organizations should
do Stable environments
Descriptives: describes what is going on and what is done
,Lecture 2 (The Design School)
What is strategy?
- Plan: consciously intended direction, guide, or course of action to move from a
present state to a (desired/imagined) future state
o Prescriptive schools
- Ploy: a maneuver to outwit an opponent
o Can be both prescriptive and descriptive
- Pattern: recognizable similar actions that emerge (intended or unintended) over time
o Descriptive schools
- Position: the organization’s location in the imaginary landscape of the competitive
environment
o Prescriptive schools
- Perspective: the interpretation of managers of the organization and its environment
o Prescriptive schools, but descriptive can also
How should they do something in the future? Prescriptive
What is an organization actually doing? Descriptive
Design School: activity
, Design School: Characteristics & Premises
- Strategy formation as a deliberate process of conscious thought
- One person develops strategy: CEO/Head of organization.
o People can learn this skill
- Process of strategy formation should be simple and informal
- Strategies should be one of a kind.
o Strategy developed to attain match or fit between internal capabilities and
external possibilities.
SWOT analysis
Environment needs to be taken into account, navigated through but not
interacted with (=organization is trying to affect the environment). The
environment is given, and we can’t change it.
- The strategy design process is complete when strategy appears fully formulated as a
perspective.
- This strategy is explicit.
- Implementation follows formulation and articulation.
Design School: Process
Design School: The strategist
- Strategist: CEO/head of organization
- Tasks:
o Gather information
o Analyze information
o Organize information
o Formulate strategy
- Idea of CEO to be main strategist is still very much alive:
o Uncommon CEO names lead to more deviating strategies (Kang, Zhu, &
Zhang, 2021).
o CEO’s cognitive flexibility aids the development of dynamic capabilities (Kiss
et al., 2020).
o CEO characteristics determine the kind of acquisitions of a firm (Chen et al.,
2020).
Design School: Organizational Structure
Tentamen:
30MC questions
75% tentamen, 25% assignment
No open book
Proctorio (Cirrus)
Exam
• Course grade (final grade) calculation = Exam grade*0.75 + Group assignment
grade*0.25
• Both grades need to separately score above a 5.5 to pass the course
• Exam in fully Multiple Choice
• Exam involves all material discussed/associated with the course
• Slides (including O&E Dialogue!)
• Book
• Articles
• Exam is in English
,Lecture 1 (Introduction)
But is that reality?
- Strategy formation done by visionaries
- Strategy is formed by humans: biases in strategic decisionmaking
o Attention
o Intuition
- Strategy is formed by whoever is the strongest politically
- Strategy is formed by imitating what other firms do
- And many more perspectives
Prescriptive: something that you need to take/do perspectives what organizations should
do Stable environments
Descriptives: describes what is going on and what is done
,Lecture 2 (The Design School)
What is strategy?
- Plan: consciously intended direction, guide, or course of action to move from a
present state to a (desired/imagined) future state
o Prescriptive schools
- Ploy: a maneuver to outwit an opponent
o Can be both prescriptive and descriptive
- Pattern: recognizable similar actions that emerge (intended or unintended) over time
o Descriptive schools
- Position: the organization’s location in the imaginary landscape of the competitive
environment
o Prescriptive schools
- Perspective: the interpretation of managers of the organization and its environment
o Prescriptive schools, but descriptive can also
How should they do something in the future? Prescriptive
What is an organization actually doing? Descriptive
Design School: activity
, Design School: Characteristics & Premises
- Strategy formation as a deliberate process of conscious thought
- One person develops strategy: CEO/Head of organization.
o People can learn this skill
- Process of strategy formation should be simple and informal
- Strategies should be one of a kind.
o Strategy developed to attain match or fit between internal capabilities and
external possibilities.
SWOT analysis
Environment needs to be taken into account, navigated through but not
interacted with (=organization is trying to affect the environment). The
environment is given, and we can’t change it.
- The strategy design process is complete when strategy appears fully formulated as a
perspective.
- This strategy is explicit.
- Implementation follows formulation and articulation.
Design School: Process
Design School: The strategist
- Strategist: CEO/head of organization
- Tasks:
o Gather information
o Analyze information
o Organize information
o Formulate strategy
- Idea of CEO to be main strategist is still very much alive:
o Uncommon CEO names lead to more deviating strategies (Kang, Zhu, &
Zhang, 2021).
o CEO’s cognitive flexibility aids the development of dynamic capabilities (Kiss
et al., 2020).
o CEO characteristics determine the kind of acquisitions of a firm (Chen et al.,
2020).
Design School: Organizational Structure
