CSET Physical Education Subtest 1 with complete solutions

Stability - Answer- A person is more or less stable depending on the area of their supporting base Acceleration - Answer- The rate of change in velocity over a certain period of time Torque - Answer- The force that causes something to rotate Force - Answer- The push or pull exerted on an object Mass - Answer- The quantity of matter in an object Center of Gravity (COG) - Answer- AKA Center of Mass More Stability= lower center of gravity For Max stability= COG is perpendicular to the ground and the center of the base Movement requires you to change your center of gravity Friction - Answer- The force created by an object's contact with the ground. Depends on 1) Weight of the Object 2) Surface of the ground Tonic Neck Response - Answer- Movement in relation to the neck and limbs Centripetal Force - Answer- The force exerted on an object moving in a circle Inertia - Answer- Any object's resistance to a change in velocity Weight - Answer- Mass x Gravitational Constant Will vary depending on the gravitational force Momentum - Answer- The tendency of an object in motion to stay moving Mo= velocity x mass Objects with the same speed will have different momentum if the masses are different velocity - Answer- The measure of speed and direction of an object Velocity= distance/time or Final Distance- Initial Distance/Time After- Contraction Phenomenon - Answer- The increase in the force of movement that seems to happen when the neuromuscular systems become excited eg. Pressing against a wall for a minute Flexibility - Answer- The range of motion around particular joints Exercise and Muscles - Answer- greater muscle endurance = greater aerobic capacity & aerobic metabolism Muscles are best exercised when overloaded Water and Exercise - Answer- People can lose up to a quart of water through sweat alone The heart has difficulty providing oxygen to the heart when dehydrated Strategies of Exercise: Building strength and Building endurance - Answer- Building strength= low reps heavy weight, gradually increasing weight Building endurance= large reps, low weight Ballistic Stretching - Answer- When one jerks or bounces muscles around when stretching Why is Ballistic stretching bad? Overstretches muscle fibers Static Stretching - Answer- Gradually moving into a stretched position Why is it good? Lengthens muscles and prevents strain Isometric Exercises - Answer- When muscles try to move an immovable object Not good for trying to build strength Isotonic Exercises - Answer- When the muscles try to move a moderately heavy load multiple times Benefits muscle endurance Isokinetic Exercises - Answer- Performed on a machine that is specialized to overload muscles Increases strength Dynamic Resistance - Answer- Exercising close to the maximum level of resistance Creates the most strength Muscle Strength - Answer- The ability of the muscles to exert force Muscle Endurance - Answer- The ability to continue performing any muscle activity despite fatigue in a specific muscle Different Types of Strength - Answer- 1. Dynamic Strength 2. Isotonic Strength 3. Static Strength Strength - Answer- The ability to create force or exert force Dynamic Strength - Answer- Movement in which several different muscles are involved in a series of contractions. eg. Lifting an object above your head Isotonic Strength - Answer- When the length of the muscle changes, the tension of the muscles stay the same. Static Strength - Answer- Exerting force on an object without any movement from the object Muscular Power - Answer- The muscle's ability to exert force over a period of time or The Degree of explosiveness a muscle can exert Muscular Endurance (2) - Answer- The ability to continue performing any muscle activity despite being fatigue Overload Weight Principle (Principles of Strength training) - Answer- The best way to build muscle strength is to train at the max level of resistance Progression Principle (Principles of Strength Training) - Answer- Build muscle strength by gradually increasing resistance as strength increases Cardiovascular Fitness - Answer- The ability to pump blood (from the heart) through the body at a necessary rate Aerobic Exercise - Answer- Any activity where the oxygen coming in the body is equal or more than the oxygen the body is using Anaerobic Exercise - Answer- Any activity where the body takes in less oxygen than it needs to maintain an activity Exercise and the Heart (4 things) - Answer- 1. More Exercise= More blood pumped throughout the body 2. Max heart rate is determined at birth and decreases with age 3. Healthy muscles receive more blood 4. Blood pressure is decreased during exercise and exercising regularly Target Heart Rate - Answer- THR is 60-85% of max heart rate THR for males= (220-age) x .60 or .85 THR for females = (225-age) x .60 or .85 Tension Headaches - Answer- Involuntary flexing of the muscles around the neck and head Migraine Headaches - Answer- blood vessels in the brain are constricted and widened Cultaneous Senses - Answer- Senses localized in the skin (sensations of pain temperature, and pressure) eg. A blind person reading braile 4 Levels of Health - Answer- 1. Psychological Health 2. Physical Health 3. Social health 4. Spiritual Health Health - Answer- The state of being sound in mind, body, and spirit pyscological health - Answer- Accepting how you feel about yourself and others Physical Health - Answer- The state in which the individual feels and performs at their best Social Health - Answer- The ability of a person to nteract with other people Spiritual Health - Answer- When a person has a defined purpose in life or learned to accept peace, joy, and love Physical Fitness - Answer- The body's ability to perform all tasks at hand and have reserve energy for emergency Locus of Control (Internal and External) - Answer- Internal When a person believes they can positively control their health External When a person believes outside forces control their health Steroids - Answer- Anabolic HGH GHB Drug Definition - Answer- Any substance that changes the way a person feels or acts Drug Abuse - Answer- Any excessive drug use that is not approved by a Doctor Energy - Answer- The capacity to do work. More Energy= The greater force to move something Gravitational Potential Energy - Answer- Potential energy of an object that is in a position where gravity can act on it Elastic Potential Energy - Answer- Energy potential of an object to work while recoiling First Class Levers - Answer- The axis between the points of application of the force and resistance F-------------A--------------R Examples 1. See Saw 2. Elbow Flexing 3. Scissors Second Class Levers - Answer- The force arm is longer than the resistance arm. Resistance is between the axis and force. _________R_________________F A Examples 1. Door, 2. Wheelbarrows, 3. Staplers, 4. Can Openers Third Class Levers - Answer- The force applied is placed between the axis and resistance. The resistance arm is longer than the force arm. _____________F________________________R A Examples 1. Tongs, 2. Shoveling dirt on a shovel, 3. Batting Newton's Law of Motion - Answer- Law #1- The Concept of Inertia Objects stay in motion until an external force stops it Law#2- F=MA Force equals the mass times acceleration Law #3- Action/Reaction For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction Types of Acceleration (4 Types) - Answer- 1. Angular Acceleration 2. Linear Acceleration 3. Zero/Constant Accelration 4. Radial Acceleration Angular Accelaration - Answer- Rate that an object's speed or direction changes Linear Acceleration - Answer- The rate of change in velocity Zero/Constant Acceleration - Answer- There is no change in velocity when an object moves at a given velocity and encounters an equal, opposing force Radial Acceleration - Answer- Directional change caused by centripetal force Action/ Reaction - Answer- Every action has an equal and opposite reaction Process Assessment - Answer- An observational approach to identify errors in form and skill Product Assessment - Answer- Quantitative measures of an end result to evaluate form and skill. How Much....How far.....How high......How much........ Criteria Referenced Test AKA Norm Referenced Test - Answer- Measures fundamental skills ability and provides more accurate results than standardized tests Correcting Errors In Skill Performance (5 Steps) - Answer- 1. Diagnose weakness 2. Correct errors by defining appropriate level of achievement 3. Develop objectives 4. Assess Students 5. Design activities to improve skill Components of Wellness (2 components) - Answer- 1. how to take care of the human body and personal fitness 2. Developing knowledge and awareness of the human body The Components of Nutrition (6 Components) - Answer- 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Fats 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water Carbohydrates - Answer- Main energy source of the human diet