NURS 222 FINAL EXAM TESTBANK 230+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2023.

NURS 222 FINAL EXAM TESTBANK 230+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2023. 1. Define health: Dynamic state in which individuals adapt to their internal and external environments so there is a state of physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual well-being 2. Define health promotion: Activities that help persons maintain or enhance their present level of health and reduce their risk of developing certain diseases 3. Define disease: Disease is malfunctioning or maladaptation of biological or psychological processes 4. Define illness: (1) abnormal process in which any aspect of a person's functioning is diminished or impaired compared with his/her previous condition. (2) The personal, interpersonal, and cultural reaction to disease. 5. Define risk factors: Any internal or external variable that makes a person or group more vulnerable to illness or an unhealthy event. 6. Define illness prevention: Health education programs or activities directed toward protecting patients from threats or potential threats to health and minimizing risk factors 7. Define patient safety: the avoidance and prevention of patient injuries or adverse events resulting from the processes of health care delivery 8. Define adverse event: harmful or unintended effect of a medication, diagnostic test, or therapeutic intervention 9. Define infection: -The invasion of a susceptible host (i.e. a human being) by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease -Low to no risk of transmission -communicable 10. Define colonization: The presence and growth of microorganisms within a host (i.e. a human being) but without tissue invasion or damage. 11. Symptoms of local infection: red, warm, swelling due to inflammation, drainage, WBC present trying to kill infection, painful and tender around site 12. Symptoms of systemic infection: fever, increases heart rate, low B/P, can occur from a local infection if left untreated, older people more susceptible 13. Define communicable disease: any disease that can be transmitted from one person or animal to another by direct or indirect contact or by vectors 14. Define health-care associated infection: infection that was not present or incubating at the time of admission to a health care setting 1 / 36 NURS 222 Final Study Guide 15. What's the role of the nurse in the prevention of transmission of infection?: Adhering to standard and isolation precaution to prevent transmission of infection from one patient to another 16. What's the difference between standard precaution (tier one) and isolation (transmission-based) precautions (tier two)?: -Standard precautions are applied to all patients in any setting to prevent spread of infection -Isolation precautions are used with specific types of patients -Airborne precaution—droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns (ex: TB, measles, chicken pox) -Droplet precaution—droplets larger than 5 microns; being within 3 feet of the patient (Diphtheria, rubella) -Contact precaution—direct patient or environmental contact (colonization or infection of VRE or MRSA, C. difficile) -Protective environment—allogenic stem cell transplant 17. What are the key elements of standard precautions?: -Hand hygiene -Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, gown, mask, goggles or face shield -Safe injection practices -Equipment handling -Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette -asepsis absence of pathogenic disease producing organism -technique practice