Hip Hop Final Exam 2023 with complete solution

What invention enabled disco to happen? The mixer was the invention that made disco and clubs happen. It made the transition from song to song seamless, giving the ability for non-stop music and dancing. What is the characteristic sound of "dub" style? it stripped away the melody and gave the bass and drum deeper and more throbbing prominence What is "toasting"? pj talk, they would talk on the mic while the music was playing to say how good they were or to brag about other things Disco mixing, dub sounds, and toasting = what? hip-hop What were the 4 original components of hip hop coming out of the S. Bronx? graffiti art, break dancing, MCing, and mixing What turn did graffiti take in the mid-70's after its flop as "high art" in NYC? graffiti artists started to band together to create, they were shut down by the high art community because the act itself was illegal and many thought that it showed the city spiraling out of control. it created an even more rebellious attitude about tagging What were the roles of the NYC black and Latino communities in break dancing? hispanics made break dancing a competition What does Nelson George regard as the individual roles of: Kool Herc (Clive Campbell) herc would go to parties and play the breaks of songs and extend them beyond their use to make them sound like new records What does Nelson George regard as the individual roles of: Afrika Bambaataa (Afrika Bambaataa Aasim) bambaattaa would use his record and add in his african, carribean, and DC music in his mixing, creating and electric, mult ethnic sound. he was the master of sounds, also created the zulu nation which filled the gap that gangs once had and de-emphasized crimehe popularized scratching records, using short sound samples from songs (punch phrasing) and break spinning which is spinning the records backwards and replaying the parts over and over What does Nelson George regard as the individual roles of: Grandmaster Flash (Joseph Saddler) he popularized scratching records, using short sound samples from songs (punch phrasing) and break spinning which is spinning the records backwards and replaying the parts over and over What was the record company that embraced new jack swing and its aesthetic? uptown and andre harell How did Sean "Puffy" Combs get his start? Andre Harrel took puffy under his wing when they met in DC, Harrel saw potential in puffy from the parties he threw and his new jack swing What was Mary J. Blige's definitive new jack swing album? whats the 411 What are the different facets of Puffy's career? started bad boy, signed biggie, biggie died, east coast west coast battle dies out, puffy uses his momentum to become one of the greatest business men ever, rap production, writing, and running label What is the main strength that people like Russell Simmons and Sean Combs have that keeps them going? they use their "in" in the industry to branch out into different sectors of the culutre. they don't back down when times are tough they just want to be busy in the industry 24/7 How does George describe the long standing antipathy between NYC music and that of the rest of the country. NYC created the swagger the world wanted. It was a multicultural zone with people from all over. The Music that came from NYC was different than everywhere else, and they created this swagger to make sure no one forgot. What was the L.A. group that spawned other groups and individuals who would become proponents of so-called gangsta rap? NWA. Easy-E is the Godfather of Gansta Rap Why did so many teenagers embrace gangsta? the sounds were different and addicting, perfect for young people who wanted to rebel but didnt really know what the music was saying What are the factors complicating the place of women in hip hop? ... What is George's opinion on the role of women in hip hop that he states on p. 184. ... From 1999 on, how do the successes of Lauryn Hill, Alisha Keys, and Outkast reflect one direction that hip hop has gone? Those artists held on to the vintage emcee skills but have taken influences from other genres to create music that more people can buy into. It was the beginning of an alternative hip hop sound. What 2 different styles does Missy Elliot's music combine? crunk in her raps and singing What are the things that have given Eminem credibility in the hip hop world? Em kept his reputation as being able to hang with the blacks, but also he was the white kid who just wanted to make it. He had a huge audience, and his hip hop battle style of rap and the people around him (Dre and D12) gave him more credibility. What is Nelson George's assessment of the labeling of gangsta rappers? Read pp. 46-47 where he cites many different approaches to the genre. some rappers have actually lived the life and give a first person account of that world (KRS One, Ice Cube) or they are using this gangster life as a story telling tool. they paint a picture based on what is happening, but that doesn't mean they have lived the life. then you also have the poetic take on rap where the observations are a canvas for wordplay Read George's discussion about Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G. Think about pp. 48-9 where he bring up black America's reaction to music that explores dark aspects of African American urban culture and the difference between "high-lighting" and "celebrating". both are forms of pointing out the worst aspects of a dark part of life, and what they are doing is embracing this with style, it is not celebrating If you don't know the meaning of nihilism, look it up. nihilism - philosophical doctrine suggesting the negation of one or more putatively meaningful aspects of life. most commonly, it's presented in the form of existential nihilism, which argues that life is what objective meaning, purpose or intrinsic value Chapter 4--Read George's discussion of black male pride. What are the topics Hyper masculinity, Disrespect to authority, The death of empathy What is the connection between the turn-of-the-century black middle class attitude toward blues, the middle class attitude mid-century toward cutting edge black jazz and also R&B, and the early 80's buppies' attitude toward hip hop? they rejected music, thought at best music was a fad and at worst it was a stain on african americans. all 3 time periods saw uppity black rejecting their own cultures In terms of attitude, what is it that early rock and roll and hip hop have in common that attracts teenagers of all colors? it had a rebellious and non conformist attitude Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin of Def Jam records sought to fuse hip hop with the aesthetic of what other popular music style? rock music (run dmc, beastie boys, public enemy) Who founded "Source" and "Vibe" magazines? When? source was founded by jon schecter, david mayes, and ed young in 1988. quincy jones and time warner partnered up in 1992 to create vibe, they wanted to buy source but they wouldn't sell Who does Nelson George think has hip hop's "most complex mind"? Do you agree? barry weiss, who signed acts to jive records, made smart decisions based on artistic music What does George mean by "the permanent business"? People in the industry carrying on many relationships among parties that are in business together. There are so many conflicts of interest that it is described as business as usual. The most sneaky and powerful people keep getting more powerful. These attorneys, business managers, personal managers, accountants and executives are the ones who really control the record industry. What was the name of Russell Simmons' record label? Dej Jam Records What are other dimensions to Simmons' involvement in hip hop? owns a clothing line, TV, films, popularized hip hop culture What is Rush Philanthropic Arts Foundation? a non profit institute that's goal is to expose the work of minority artists What aspect of black entertainment began to compete with live hip hop shows in clubs in the 90's? Black Comedy What, exactly, is sampling? using sounds from old songs and manipulating them and using them on a new record Initially sampling was used as a substitute for what? using sounds from old songs and manipulating them and using them on a new record Hip hop moved sampling to a central place in record making just as jazz and R&B had done earlier with what 2 instruments, and as Stevie Wonder in the 70's did with what? they used it to disguise the absence of a live instrument. If they were missing a piece, such as a keyboard note or a horn, they would sample it from another song and disguise it as their own sound. What does George see as the racial element to the lawsuits against use of samples? * the electric guitar and the bass, Stevie Wonder had the moog synthesizer What are the 2 sides to George's question, "is or isn't sampling an extension of African American tradition"? It was only when artists started to move to sampling white artists that lawyers started to bring lawsuits to the ones who sampled. It was at this time that sampling was considered a negative tool. God forbid a "rap group" would sample white music. In the early-mid 80's, where were most hip hop videos seen? Europe When did Michael Jackson's "Thriller" videos appear in MTV? 1983, when the album came out with his huge singles 3. What did Run-DMC employ in their videos to make them "MTV-friendly"? the use of rock motifs What was the name of MTV's first rap show and when did it air? Yo, MTV raps and it aired on a Saturday in September Why was BET slow to feature rap? they were conservative programmers, but because the rap videos popularity in the mainstream they were almost forced to start a program What attitude from blaxploitation films did hip hop take? It took the "in your face, aggressive, sweaty having sex, I'm the man attitude" that MCs Portrayed What role have Kung-fu movies and stars played in hip hop? pushed the template of fighting superiority, gave the names and lyrics to rappers such as wu tang clan, grandmaster flash, and furious 5 What is George's view as to whether or not video is good for hip hop and why? hip hop movies tend to be behind the times by the time they're released, trends are constantly changing, hard for someone to catch all aspects of hip hop Producer Teddy Riley and new jack swing musically connected what 2 genres? When? r&b in the 80's