Dit document bevat een engelse samenvatting van unit 8, the ecology of life van het boek Biology, a global approach, 12th edition. Elke belangrijke term in de hoofdstukken 51 tot en met 56 wordt hierin besproken en uitgelegd. Deze samenvatting behandelt zodoende dus elk belangrijke aspect van unit ...
Biology, a global approach, 12th edition
By Campbell et. al.
Summary of unit 8, the ecology of life
Written by Lennart Matthijs de Jong
Chapter 51...............................................................................................................................3
51.1 - Earth's climate varies by latitude and season and is changing rapidly.................... 3
51.2 - The distribution of terrestrial biomes is controlled by climate and disturbance........ 3
51.3 - Aquatic biomes are diverse and dynamic systems that cover most of Earth........... 4
51.4 - Interactions between organisms and the environment limit the distribution of
species............................................................................................................................... 4
51.5 - Ecological change and evolution affect one another over long and short periods of
time.....................................................................................................................................5
Chapter 52...............................................................................................................................5
52.1 - Discrete sensory inputs can stimulate both simple and complex behaviours.......... 5
52.2 - Learning establishes specific links between experience and behaviour.................. 5
52.3 - Selection for individual survival and reproductive success can explain diverse
behaviors............................................................................................................................6
52.4 - Genetic analyses and the concept of inclusive fitness provide a basis for studying
the evolution of behavior.................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 53...............................................................................................................................7
53.1 - Biotic and abiotic factors affect population density, dispersion, and demographics.7
53.2 - The exponential model describes population growth in an idealized, unlimited
environment........................................................................................................................7
53.3 - The logistic model describes how a population grows more slowly as it nears its
carrying capacity................................................................................................................ 7
53.4 - Life history traits are products of natural selection...................................................8
53.5 - Density-dependent factors regulate population growth............................................8
53.6 - The human population is no longer growing exponentially but is still increasing
extremely rapidly................................................................................................................ 8
Chapter 54...............................................................................................................................9
54.1 - Interactions between species can help, harm, or have no effect on the individuals
involved.............................................................................................................................. 9
54.2 - Diversity and trophic structure characterize biological communities........................9
54.3 - Disturbance influences species diversity and composition.................................... 10
54.4 - Biogeographic factors affect community diversity.................................................. 10
54.5 - Pathogens alter community structure locally and globally......................................11
1
, Chapter 55.............................................................................................................................11
55.1 - Physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems................ 11
55.2 - Energy and other limiting factors control primary production in ecosystems......... 11
55.3 - Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient................... 12
55.4 - Biological and geochemical processes cycle nutrients and water in ecosystems..12
55.5 - Restoration ecologists return degraded ecosystems to a more natural state........ 12
Chapter 56.............................................................................................................................13
56.1 - Human activities threaten earth's biodiversity........................................................13
56.2 - Population conservation focuses on population size, genetic diversity, and critical
habitat...............................................................................................................................13
56.3 - Landscape and regional conservation help sustain biodiversity............................ 13
56.4 - Earth is changing rapidly as a result of human actions..........................................14
56.5 - Sustainable development can improve human lives while conserving
biodiversity…………………………………………………………………………………….14
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