18. Bacterial endotoxin LPS is found in (a) the outer membrane (b) t

18. Bacterial endotoxin LPS is found in: (a) the outer membrane (b) the periplasmic space (c) the enzymes (e) the muramic acid (d) the peptidoglycan 19. All Spirochaetes possess (a) flagellaa (b) axial filaments 20. When both ends of a cell has one flagellum, this is called (a) monotrichous (b) lophotrichous (e) amphitrichous(d) peritrichous 21. Which are readily and easily removed from a bacterial cell: (a) endospores (b) slime layers (e) axial filament (d) mesosomes (e) capsules 22. Gram (-) bacteria finally stain with which color (a) pink (b) blue (c)green (d) no color 23. The primary stain in the Acid Fast Stain is: (a) Crystal violet(b) Safranin (d) Malachite green (e) Carbolfuschin (c) Methylene blue 24. Volutin, which has a rainbow color, is associated with (a) chromatin (b) granules (c) plasmids (d) endospores (e) chromatophores 25. The term used to describe Gram positive bacteria which have their cell wall destroyed by (a) protoplasm (b) spheroplast (c) protoplast (d) plasmid (e) palisade 26. An endospore chemically consists mainly of lysozyme or penecillin is a (b) Dipicolinic acid (e) Nucleic acid (a) Mycolic acid (c) Muramic acid (d) Glucosamine 27. Plasmids are: (a) permanent chromosomal DNA RNA protein (d) extra-chromosomal double-stranded DNA (e) temporary ribosomal RNA 28 Bacteria reproduce by way of (a) binary fission (b) conjugation (c) plasmids (d) germination (e) sporulation Solution Question: 18. Bacterial endotoxin LPS is found in:    Answer: (a) the outer membrane Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Question: 19. All Spirochaetes possess: Answer: (b) axial filaments Spirochetes have axial filaments or endoflagella that extends beyond the cell wall. These filaments are found in periplasmic space of spirochetes. These filaments assists in motility, their twisting motion cause Spirochetes to move forward in a corkscrew-like motion. Question: 20. When both ends of a cell has one flagellum, this is called: Answer: (C) Amphitrichous Classification on the basis of the number and arrangement of flagella: Monotrichous — a single flagellum at one end of the bacterial cell. Lophotrichous — Two or more flagella at one end or both ends of the bacterial cell. Amphitrichous — single flagellum at each end of the bacterial cell. Petritrichous — Flagella surrounding the bacterial cell. Question: 21. Which are readily and easily removed from a bacterial cell: Answer: (b) slime layerA slime layer is a viscous or gelatinous loose sheath that form the outer protective layer of the bacterila cell wall. it consists of unorganized layer of polysaccharides. It is readily and easily removable from a bacterial cell with water or weakly acid or alkaline solutions. Question: 22. Gram (-) bacteria finally stain with which color: Answer: (a) pink Question: 23. The primary stain in the Acid Fast Stain is: Answer:(e) Carbolfuchsin Acid-fast stains are used to stain bacteria, particularly the members of the genus Mycobacterium. Question: 24. Volutin, which has a rainbow color, is associated with Answer: (e) chromatophores Question: 25. The term used to describe Gram positive bacteria which have their cell wall destroyed by: Answer: (c) protoplast Question: 26. An endospore chemically consists mainly of : Answer: (b) Dipicolinic acid Question: 27. Plasmids are: Answer: d) extra-chromosomal double-stranded DNA Question: 28. Bacteria reproduce by way of: Answer:(a) binary fissionGram-staining method of differentiation :Gram (-) bacteriaPrimary stain: Crystal violetPurpleMordant: IodinePurpleDecolorizing agent: Alcohol- acetoneColorlessCounter stain: SafraninRed/pink