Unit 2G.1 - The rise and fall of fascism in Italy, c1911-46
Overig
Theme 2 Italy: The rise of Mussolini and the creation of a fascist dictatorship, 1919-26
17 keer bekeken 1 keer verkocht
Vak
Unit 2G.1 - The rise and fall of fascism in Italy, c1911-46
Instelling
PEARSON (PEARSON)
This document includes revision notes regarding Theme 2 of the rise and fall of fascism module for History A Level. The well-organised notes include the rise of Mussolini and the creation of a fascist dictatorship in Italy throughout 1919-26, from a consistent grade A student. The concise notes can...
Unit 2G.1 - The rise and fall of fascism in Italy, c1911-46
Alle documenten voor dit vak (46)
Verkoper
Volgen
serenasandhu
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
HOW EFFECTIVE WAS THE GOVERNMENT IN DEALING WITH ITALY’S PROBLEMS
FOLLOWING THE FIRST WORLD WAR?
MUTILATED VICTORY
- Italy’s victory was mutilated = didn’t receive anything they were promised in the 1915 Treaty of London:
- Italy was to gain their African colonies irredente lands Britain + France took these for
themselves = no consideration for Italy’s demands.
- Did not receive Fiume.
- Attitudes from Britain, France + USA at Paris Peace Conference Jan. 1919 = hostile = didn’t think
Italy were deserving of a ‘great power’ status = couldn’t justify Italy’s territorial claims.
- Italy did acquire Trent, Trieste, Istria + Northern Dalmatia officially in 1920.
- Aggravated Italian anger = Gabriele d’Annunzio called it a national shame.
- War not worth the 600,000 lives lost = weak liberal gov. = inferior to other European Powers.
- War damage = still had to pay loans to recover from debt.
- Hindered aims for Italian unity = divide between returning soldiers + those exempt from military service to
maintain industries for war effort = soldiers viewed the workers as cowards for not joining war.
- Actions of Francesco Nitti exacerbated situation = he down played Italy’s demands to not jeapordise Italy’s
relations with Britain + France + USA.
Italy = already weak economy = needed coal + money = only Allies could provide = he had no choice.
- Mussolini advantage = stated Italy needed stronger government that would not back down like the weak
liberals = instead would fight to regain Italy’s former glory = ensure such humiliation wouldn’t occur again.
THE OCCUPATION OF FIUME
- Nationalist right-wing groups = young men + returned soldiers = talks of rebellion in Rome = overthrow
liberal government.
- Gabriele d’Annunzio = prominent right-wing leader = was for Italian intervention into WW1.
- Failure of war angered him = he believed a victory could rejuvenate Italy + help reclaim its glorious past.
- 12th September 1919 = led protest of 2000 men = ex-soldiers, Futurists, students, patriots = seized port of
Fiume.
= simply taking back what was rightfully theirs.
- Fiume = symbol of Italy’s humiliating treatment at the Paris Peace Conference = presented as redemption
for the 600,000 dead soldiers.
- Overcoming shame of mutilated victory.
- Mussolini advantage = d’Annunzio’s actions helped masses realise liberal government was weak = showed
what could be achieved through violence + decisive action = Mussolini also learned the power that assertive
nationalism has over Italians.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DISCONTENT
- Italy’s economy needed coal + money = only Allies could provide.
- Millions of soldiers were demobilised = flooded the job market = November 1919 unemployment = 2
million.
- Inflation = high = lira collapsed in value.
- Middle class Italians savings were wiped out.
- State employees’ wages + pensions declined.
- Major companies = Fiat + Ansaldo = benefitted from war production = now struggled to stay afloat.
- Biennio Rosso = period of political turmoil = 1919-20 = labour militancy + strikes.
- Largest army strike = Sept. 1920 = over 400,000 workers took over factories + flew flags of communism over
buildings for weeks.
- Countryside mirrored social + economic discontent = gov. couldn’t act on their promises of reform for
peasants who fought in WW1 = many demanding land for farming.
- Mussolini advantage = upper + middle classes looked towards right-wing organisations to provide an
alternative for the weak liberal gov. = one that would confront + destroy left-wing organisations pushing
Italy towards revolution.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper serenasandhu. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €25,28. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
