Summary IEB/NSC - History - Civil Resistance in South Africa 1970s -1980s
33 keer bekeken 3 keer verkocht
Vak
History
Instelling
12th Grade
This document covers the following concepts:
What was the nature of the civil society resistance in the 1970s and 1980s?
• What was the nature of the Apartheid state from 1964 to the 1970s? [NOT EXAMINABLE]
A brief understanding of how the Apartheid State had crushed opposition but early 197...
Civil Resistance in South Africa
Steve Biko and Black Consciousness Movement
Steve Biko Timeline
● Born 1946
● Medical student at University of Natal (Non- European)
● Member of NUSAS, (while dominated, multi - racial organisation for students).
● 1968 broke away from NUSAS to form SASO
● SASO spread Black Consciousness thinking throughout ‘Black; universities
● Biko spreads philosophy to other areas
● 1973 Banned by South African Government
● 1977 Murdered while in Detention
● American singer Peter Gabriel wrote a tribute to Biko - song makes Biko even more well-known.
● Instead of silencing him , the SA government had turned him into a martyr
Why did the Government fear someone who was talking about keeping races apart?
● Biko created Mass Movement - which went against whole Aparthied idea of 'Divide and Rule’
● Biko encouraged ‘blacks’ to take a stand aganist Apartheid
● He encouraged strike action and gave workers a sense of their own power.
● He encouraged disinvestment.
● He helped build Black solidarity
Black Consciousness:
● ‘‘Black’ included any of the oppressed (Indian and Coloured)
● Was a philosophy, an attitude and way of life
● It aimed to conscientise black South Africans and instil in them the sense of self-worth and dignity, which the
Aparthied had systematically destroyed.
● Encouraged black self-reliance -economic reliance and self reliance in black people achieving their own
liberation
● Creating pride in Black African heritage and culture.
The spread of Black Consciousness
1972 Black People Convention - an umbrella for Black Consciousness groups. Its aim was to involve adults in the
movement, to help break the silence and hopelessness of the 60s. Self-help projects established:
- Zanempilo Community Health clinic under Dr. Mamphele
- Mhloti Black Theatre, promoting black culture
- Njwaxa Leatherworks Project
- Zimele Trust Fund support political prisoners and their families
1972 Black Allied Workers Union
Encouraged workers on whom the SA economy relied, take a stand in their Own Future and well-being. encouraged
strike action. started the ‘Buy Black Campaign ‘ and helped build solidarity among workers
High school students: Ideas filtered down into the High Schools. this would be a major Factor in the 1976 Soweto
Uprising
Helpful mnemonic
Causes of Soweto Uprising
All students begin to object
● The constant hardship of life under the Aparthied Regime
● Life in the overcrowded and under resourced township of Soweto
● Inferiority and humiliation of Bantu education
● Growing Trade Union action
● 1973 Drop in oil prices pushed prices up in South Africa - life becomes even harder for the poor.
● Philosophy of BCM
Immediate cause
Afrikaans introduced as medium of instruction:
● Children were now expected to learn in a language with which they were even less familiar than english
● Pass rates of 1975 show that hope of actually achieving a Matric becomes even more distant.
● Afrikaans was the language of the oppressor.
, 2
16 June 1976
● Police fire into a crowd of protesting, unarmed, largely peaceful students.
● Hastings Ndlovu and Hector Pietersen killed.
● Soweto erupts in violence
● Violence spreads to other townships
Results and significance
School students riot and make many ripples.
● Shocks the international world - Photography: coverage of police violence.
● Beginning of embargoes and sanctions against South Africa
● Government forced to reverse Afrikaans policy
● Adults inspired by children's determination and courage. Step back into activism.
● 1980s becomes decade of mass protest
● 12 000 leave South Africa to train in MK or Poqo training camps
● The size of the threat is seen in the government's reaction. Government ban all BCM organisations, SASO,
SASM. BPA and SSRC.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper tennichibs. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,31. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.