GACE Middle Grades Language Arts Questions & Answers Already Solved

Shakespeare - Answer 154 poems survived 38 plays William Faulkner - Answer - - The Sound and the Fury - As I Lay Dying - A Rose For Emily William Chaucer - Answer () The Canterbury Tales - Answer - Written by Chaucer - Takes place in middles ages with a cross section of society - literary context is "frame tale" - pilgrims all on their way to Canterbury and they take turns telling tales to amuse the others frame tale - Answer story within a story The Parlement of Foules - Answer - preface: refers to to classic Roman author, Cicero's "The Dream of Scipio" - takes broad scope of macrocosm (viewing universe as a whole) and narrows it to a microcosm (individual focus) as he explores theme of order, disorder, and the role of humanity in nature - uses animals as characters he to both parody and probe human nature for the reader The Dream of Scipio - Answer a dream-vision dialogue reflecting Stoic philosophy Early Development of Drama - Answer -development from religious ritual -Early Christians would take wagons and carts through cities and act our events of Old Testament and New Testament -"mystery plays" were supposed to be performed the same every time as religious ritual but some people added their own stuff so this was born Defining Characteristics of Drama - Answer -composed in verse(in Middle Ages) -By Renaissance Shakespeare and others wrote in'mixed prose', rhymed verse and blank verse -costumes and masks -asides, soliloquies (during Elizabethan) meter - Answer # of beats or stressed syllables per verse u=unstressed / =stressed Iambic - Answer U/ (unstressed stressed) Trochaic - Answer /U (stressed unstressed) Spondaic - Answer // (unstressed unstressed) Dactylic - Answer /uu (stressed unstressed unstressed) Anapestic - Answer UU/ (unstressed unstressed stressed) Ballad - Answer used most for musical songs and poems. popular in 14th and 15th century france. Also emglish and american folk songs and poems. topics include love, death, murder and religion Dramatic Monologue - Answer spoken in voice of a character Epic poems - Answer Long poems that recount adventures, use very stylized language and combine dramatic and lyrical conventions epigrams - Answer memorable one or two line rhymes epistolary poems - Answer written and read as letters Odes - Answer early poems with music and dance evolved to romantic poems expressing strong feelings and contemplative thoughts pastoral poems - Answer idealize nature and country living Haiku - Answer Japanese poetry form 17 syllables 3 verses 5/7/5 depict a moment in time sonnets - Answer 14 lines of iambic pentameter tightly organized around a theme petrarchan sonnet - Answer 8 line stanza (the octane) 6 line sesteta change or turn in break to set up sestet's answer (volta) or summary rhyme scheme of shakespearean sonnett - Answer 3 quatrains and one couplett (which contrasts sharply) abab/cdcd/efef/gg (better suits english because of fewer rhyming words than italian) stanza - Answer group of verses in a poem that are similarly connected aside - Answer dialogue that informs audiences but is unheard by other characters denouement - Answer the resolution following the climax Gothic novels - Answer reaction against 18th century enlightenment rationalism featuring horror, mystery, superstition and maddness. ex: Frankenstein, Dracula, Edgar Allen Poe Psychological novels - Answer 17th century france - explore characters' motivations ex: crime and punishment ex: tolstoy's anna karenina novels of manners - Answer fictional stories that observe, explore, analyze the social behaviors or a specific time and place -descriptions of society with defined behavioral code -use of standardized, informal language -inhibition of emotional expression as contrasted with strong emotions expressed in romantic novels ex: Jane Austen books Western World Sentimental novels - Answer originated in movement of romanticism -depict emotional rather than only physical love -ex: charles dickens in 19th century included some sentimental elements though he was not called sentimental Epistolary novel - Answer Told in the form of letters written by their characters -Samuel Richardson is best known author for this with "Pamela" and "Clarissa". he also freely expressed emotions Pastoral Novels - Answer lyrically idealize country life as idyllic and utopian. ex: shakespeare's "as you like it" based on pastoral novel "Rosalynde" Bildungsroman - Answer german word meaning educational novel. also used in english to describe 'apprenticeship' novels focusing on coming of age stories. ex: charles dickens "david copperfield" and "great expectations. variations = "The catcher in the rye" and "Lord of the flies" Roman a clef - Answer "novel with a key" - story reads like a real life frame of reference for full comprehension. ex: Canterbury Tales and Orwell's Animal Farm purpose of roman a clef - Answer disguise truths too dangerous for authors to state directly realism - Answer goal is to represent reality as faithfully as possible. started in reaction against sentimentality and extreme emotionalism in romanticism. -written in vernacular or dialects -emphasizing the analysis and development of characters more than plot -addresses ethical issues -middle class concentrated Satire - Answer uses sarcasm, irony, and/or humor as social criticism to lampoon human folly. ex: swift's "a modest proposal" satirically says cannibalism of babies is a solution to poverty and over population. he also satirzed petty political disputes in Gullivers Travels Historical context of change between middle ages and renaissance - Answer -gods of roman mythology were the same as in greek mythology just with latin names Dark ages or Middle ages - Answer -after fall of roman empire many european countries that were united under rule of roman empire became fragmented. this led to 1000 year period of general public ignorance and illiteracy. only the church remained a bastion of literacy - monks and priests copied manuscripts. gutenberg - Answer 1450 moveable type printing press. this lead to the return of literacy for the public which led to the renaissance (rebirth) of literature Christopher Marlowe - Answer born the same year as william shakespeare but died at age 29. rumors say he faked his death and kept writing under shakespeare's name. shakespeare did reference some of his work comedy - Answer not necessarily funny, just a happy ending. tells the story of a main characters' rise in fortune (this is Aristotle's definition) tragedy - Answer portrays a hero's fall in fortune. tragic heros are noble and their downfalls come through personal action/choice/error - not bad luck (This is Aristotle's definition) Shakespearean Comedy - Answer have happy endings and some are funny -slapstick humor, mistaken identity, generally light and fluffy with disturbing topics only hinted at and then dissolved in laughter 3 types of dramatic comedies - Answer 1. Farce 2. Romantic comedy 3. satirical comedy Farce - Answer goofy, zany, slapstick. Characters are ridiculous or fantastical in nature. many plot twists, widly incredible coincidences. ex: shakespeare's "comedy of errors", 3 stooges and Pink panther movies Romantic Comedy - Answer most popular. also include love. 2 people well suited are either brought together for the first time or reconciled . destined to be together yet seperated by a complication (ex lovers, interferring parents/friends/ different social class). ex: Shakespeare's "much ado about nothing" "guys and dolls" and "when harry met sally" Satirical comedy - Answer mock and lampoon human foolishness and vices. main character rises in fortune but main character is satirically made a fool, morally corrupt etc. Black comedy - Answer if satirical comedy becomes grotesque and terrible (pulp fiction and fargo) Romanticism - Answer height is the first half of the 19th century. Identified with and gained momentum from French revolution. This movement was also a part of the counter enlightenment(backlash against rationalism, scientific treatment of nature, denial of emotionalism). 6 major English romantic poets - Answer William Blake William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge Lord Byron John Keats Percy Byshee Shelley 2 american romantic poets - Answer Edgar Allen Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne William Wordsworth - Answer He was instrumental in establishing Romanticism when he and samuel taylor coleridge collaboratively published "Lyrical Ballads". in "Preface to lyrical ballads" Wordsworth described elements of a new kind of poetry which he characterized as using "real language of man". he said "poetry = spontaneous overflow of feelings" Samuel Taylor Coleridge - Answer close friends with Wordsworth with whom he collaborated in publishing "lyrical ballads" which launched the romantic movement. He wrote very influential literary criticism "the willing suspension of disbelief" John Keats - Answer Known for his 6 odes. more famous after death than during his 6 years of writing. famous from "ode on a grecian urn". he wrote "beauty is truth - truth, beauty - that is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know." George Gordon Byron (Lord Byron) - Answer known for his long narrative poems. notoriously flamboyant- had many adulteries. friends with percy byshee shelley, the future mary shelley and john polidori. they all wrote together in shared fantasy writing session at a swiss villa...this is where percy's wife mary shelley wrote frankenstein. his name is synonomous with the mercurial romantic William Butler Yeats - Answer Among the greatest influences to 20th century english lit. instrumental in celtic revival/irish literacy revival, founding and initially running the abbey theatre, and 1st irishman awarded the nobel prize for literature -passionalely involved in politics -transitional from romanticism to modernism Christian allegory in the Divine Comedy - Answer Dante symbolizes the human soul's effort to achieve moral beliefs and behaviors and become united with God by narrating his persona's literal adventures as he travels through hell, purgatory, and heaven. What appears to be literal stories are allegorical references to the human spiritual quest. "dark woods" is alegorical symbol of human being's sinful, unelightened earthly existence. the "right road" symbolizing the life of virtue that unites people with god. student explanation of a poet using a quote from an earlier poet's work - Answer -use proper names and types of poems in referencing "Elliot's 6 line epigraph" -Use direct quotes -give significance of quote TS Eliot's "The Wasteland" - interpretation of quotes and references - Answer -poem about post WW1 wasteland society -First section "the burial of the dead" - Eliot refers to Chaucer's Canterbury Tales opening about April but twists it from Chaucer's happy depiction of "sweet showers" to "the cruelest month... mixing memory and desire" -quotes Wagner's opera "Tristan and Isolde" -two major influences - "from ritual to romance" by Jessie Weston and "Thr golden bough" by sir james frazier Student explains extended metaphor of mechanical objects as animals - Answer "I like to see it lap the miles" by Emily Dickinson describes a train - a new invention during her time - via extended metaphor comparing it to a horse. -uses quotes from poem and explanation of what Dickinson meant in that metaphor Firgure of speech - Answer 'She's a pistol" -emplors a change in meaning of the words. metaphor Rherotical device - Answer when the purpose of the figure of speech becomes convincing or persuading to the audience - then the figure of speech becomes a _____________. Anaphora - Answer one example of a rhetorical device- the repetition at regular intervals of the same word or phrases, used to create effect Alliteration - Answer a literary and rhetorical device, using several words in sequence with the same initial sound hyperbole - Answer an extreme exaggeration for emphasis or effect Irony - Answer literary and rhetorical device of expressing one meaning by stating it by using words that have the opposite meaning (aka sarcasm) Oxymoron - Answer Juxtaposes apparently contrasting words. jumbo shrimp Verbal irony - Answer uses words opposite the meaning. sarcasm situational irony - Answer what happens contrasts to what is expected dramatic irony - Answer narrative informs audiences of more than its characters know figurative meaning - Answer words mean more and/or other than what they say drawing inferences - Answer logical conclusions that readers make based on observations and previous knowledge -readers construct meanings from the text that are personally relevant parable - Answer lesson fable - Answer old stories that have a moral Themes in Great Gatsby - Answer -growth of bootlegging and crime - reaction to prohibition is symbolized by the character Meyer Wolfsheim and gatsby's own ill-gotten wealth -fitzgerald symbolized social divisions using geography. Old money = east egg. new money (gatsby) = west egg -fitzgerald used weather to enhance emotional tones Themes in Les Miserables - Answer Metamorphosis of protagonist Jean Valjean from cynical ex convict to noble benefactor demonstrates Hugo's theme of importance of love and compassion. Love allows every positive plot turn Themes in The Tell-Tale Heart - Answer Edgar Allen Poe uses language to emphasize the murderer's obsession -used homonym eye/I to symbolize the old man's identity -Poe predated Freud in exploring the paradox of killing those we love and the concept of projecting our own processes onto others Themes in a Rose For Emily - Answer Written by William Faulkner, he contrasts the traditions of the antebellum south with the rapid changes of post civil war industrialization in this short story. man character denies the reality of modern progress, living inside the isolation of her house. she symbolizes the old south and is described with death-like imagry Themes in Moby Dick - Answer written by Mellville, the White whale plays various roles to different characters.. to Captain Ahab he represents evil as the captain is obsessed with trying to kill the whale, believing it is his duty to rid the world of it. Ishmael attempts through science to understand the what objectively but fails, reinforcing Mellville's theme that humans cannot know everything so the whale may represent God - the unknowable. Mellville reverses the usual connotation of white as purity by Ishmael's fear of all things white - crashing waves, polar animals Themes in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea - Answer Because of the old fisherman Santiago's struggle to capture a giant marlin, some characterize this story as telling of man against nature. BUT it can be more properly interpreted as telling of man's role as PART of nature. Both man and fish are protrayed as brave proud and honorable. in the author's world, all creatures must either kill or be killed and death is inevitable, but by being brave in the fight, death makes heros so you can transcend death. First person narration - Answer lets narrators express inner feelings and thoughts, especially when the narrator is the protagonist frame narrator - Answer when a narrator reports others' narratives 2nd hand or more first person plural narration - Answer narrator tells the story using "we" First person omniscient narration - Answer narrators tell a story using first-person pronouns such as "I" and "my," but they also know what other people are doing and thinking. 2nd person narration - Answer -very common in song lyrics -least used in narrative voice in literary works -if the narrator is also a character in the story they are better defined as first person