MPH Comprehensive Exam Review Graded A

The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model might use which theory or model to help understand why some women do not get mammograms during the examination of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors? Diffusion of Innovations The Health Belief Model Transtheoretical model Community Coalition Action Theory - The Health Belief Model Recycling glass bottles is an example of which type of social product? Behavior Service Idea Attitude - Behavior Which model or theory is a guide for impact or outcome evaluation? RE-AIM Model Ecological Models PRECEDE-PROCEED Model Social Marketing - RE-AIM Model Intervention at individual and group levels have been conducted to reduce HIV risk behaviors among the most vulnerable populations at highest risk in the United States. In spite of these interventions, African-American women remain the fastest growing segment of incident AIDS cases. Obviously, new research studies are needed to provide intervention at individual, family, community, and society levels. As an HIV/AIDS interventionist, which of the following factors will you consider as HIV/AIDS-related behavior to incorporate into your model in reducing HIV risky behaviors? Subjective norms Self-efficacy Knowledge Perceived risk All of the above - All of the above Obesity intervention often utilized community trials to increase physical activity. These trials are usually part of a "healthy heart" program and incorporate social and environmental measures, including public service announcements about physical activity and total well-being. This approach in terms of health behavior model is best described as the: Social support model Ecologic model Health belief model Transtheoretical model Information, motivation and skill building model - Ecologic model Multiple regression procedures may be used when two or more interval-level measures serve as predictors of some normally distributed interval-level dependent variable. In this model, the regression coefficient for any particular independent or explanatory variable (X1) represents the change in the response or dependent variable (Y) associated with a one-unit change in X1, while controlling for or maintaining other predictors (X2, X3, etc.) at constant. If required to use this predictive model in the analysis of study data, which of the following assumptions are NOT necessary for a valid result? All variables are interval- or ratio-scaled The dependent variable should be normally distributed around the prediction line The independent variable should be normally distributed around the prediction line None of the above - The independent variable should be normally distributed around the prediction line The bio-psychosocial model of health, which focuses on the multifactorial causes of disease, could be applied to which of the following conditions as an attempt to understand their ethio-pathogenesis EXCEPT? Cancer Otitis Cardiovascular disorders a and c only Diabetes - Otitis In Phase 3, which level of theory is most appropriate for examining reinforcing factors and indirect communication channels? Community-level theories Policy based theories Individual-level theories Interpersonal-level theories - Interpersonal-level theories Which process governing observational learning is dependent upon communication skills? Production Retention Motivation Attention - Production Which is the most powerful single predictor of behavior across studies from the Health Belief Model? Perceived benefits Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity Perceived barriers - Perceived barriers The health belief model of behavior change assumes that humans act in rational ways and are more likely to change behavior when confronted with a threat. If you are assigned to a breast cancer prevention program and wish to use this model in promoting breast self-examination among Asian-American women, which of the following factors will you consider in your implementation of this model? - The perceived severity of breast cancer -The actual effectiveness of taking action to prevent or minimize breast cancer as compared to barriers to and costs of taking such an action - The attitudes of Asian-American women toward breast cancer - All of the above - None of the above - All the Above Perceived invincibility among youth falls under which Health Belief Model construct? Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity Perceived barriers Perceived benefits - Perceived susceptibility Studies on psychological and social factors that influence health have consistently implicated stress and social support in the outcome of disease and mortality. Which of the following statements support the role played by stressing disease prognosis and mortality? - Widows and widowers tend to have an unusually low risk of dying soon after the death of their spouse - People who lose their jobs are 50% to 70% less likely to present with angina symptoms, compared to their employed counterparts of the same age and similar socio-demographics - Mortality rates of survivors are 40% to 50% higher during the six months after the death of a spouse relative to the mortality of married people of the same age - a and c only - All of the above - Mortality rates of survivors are 40% to 50% higher during the six months after the death of a spouse relative to the mortality of married people of the same age Research efforts to elucidate the mechanisms by which social and psychological factors influence health are essential to health promotions and disease prevention. Which of the following is correct regarding behavioral intervention? Interventions studies should span the breadth of all phases of clinical trials, form feasibility studies to randomized double-blinded studies