IB HOA (Actual) Exam Solved 100%

Apartheid - ANSWER-Separateness. Racial segregation began in S.A. 1948 by National Party. Blacks kept out of cities unless they're performing labor. Townships - ANSWER-Where blacks could live near urban area if they had a passbook; a taxed permit to work. Pass Laws - ANSWER-Required that blacks keep a passbook work permit. Otherwise, they're sent back to rural ethnic "homelands" or Bantustans. Apartheid classifications - ANSWER-White, Indian, Coloured, Black. Multiple ethnic groups in each category. Voortrekkers - ANSWER-Original Dutch white people that settled in S.A. Transvaal and Orange Free States. White ethnic Groups in S.A. - ANSWER-Dutch Afrikaners and English Black ethnic groups in S.A. - ANSWER-Xhosa, Khoisan, Zulu et. al. Grand Apartheid - ANSWER-Foundational discrimination of black, Indian, and coloured folks in S.A. Disenfranchisement and separate living regions Petty Apartheid - ANSWER-Day to day discrimination of black, Indian, and coloured folks in S.A. Bus seats etc. ANC - ANSWER-African National Congress. Oppositional party to Apartheid. At times peaceful, and at times more violent. Occasionally friendly with liberal whites, and occasionally not. ANCYL - ANSWER-African National Congress Youth League. Not quite violent, but tired of "asking" for rights. Not welcoming to foreign aid or help from friendly whites/Indians. Spear of the Nation (Umkhonto we sizwe) - ANSWER-Violent opposition to Apartheid after Sharpeville Massacre. Usually involved in sabotage rather than "terrorism" or murder. Bantu Education Act - ANSWER-Taught blacks in their tribal language (Zulu,Xhosa etc), keeping them separate from other black ethnicities. Trained to be laborers rather than intellectuals.