MN551 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND REVISED VERIFIED ANSWERS NEWLY UPDATED 2023

MN551 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND REVISED VERIFIED ANSWERS NEWLY UPDATED 2023. A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain in his right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is corneal rather than a conjunctival disease, which of the following would be the distinguishing symptom? A.) Burning B.) Itching c.) photophobia D.) Severe pain - ANSWER Severe pain A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary care provider to have a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman states, "I don't see why you want to test my blood cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of physiology will underlie the care provider's response to the patient? A.)The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of the cell. B)Hemoglobin synthesis by the bone marrow is inversely proportionate to blood glucose levels, with low A1C indicating hyperglycemia. C)The high metabolic needs of red cells and their affinity for free glucose indicate the amount of glucose that has been available over 6 to 12 weeks. D)Insulin is a glucose receptor agonist on the hemoglobin molecule, and high glucose suggests low insulin levels. - ANSWER The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of the cell. A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple effects that insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following physiological processes are actions of insulin? - ANSWER Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her parents are currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at the hospital where their daughter is receiving treatment. How can the nurse best explain the etiology of their daughter's health problem to her parents? A.) Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that her pancreas secretes and withholds insulin at the wrong times." B.) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely something that she inherited." C.) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making insulin, and treatment will consist of your rigidly controlling her diet." D.) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in herpancreas that produce insulin - ANSWER "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce insulin." Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of hormones in the body? A.) Some chemical substances can function as hormones or be integrated with the central and peripheral nervous systems. B)Hormones directly initiate many of the processes that contribute to homeostasis. C)Control of body processes is ensured by the fact that a single hormone can only exert one effect on one specific system or tissue. D)Each hormone that exists in the body is produced by only one specific endocrine gland. - ANSWER Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or neurotransmitters. What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? A.) Thyroid nodule B.) Hyperthyroidism C.) Myxedema D.) Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Hypothyroidism Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex in maintaining homeostasis? Question 1 options: A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function. B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can compensate for the loss of the adrenal glands. C. The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones. D. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system. - ANSWER The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones. A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to underlie her health problem? Question 2 options: a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones - ANSWER She may have been born with infantile cataracts Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal process of glucose metabolism? Question 3 options: a. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver. b. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by the kidneys. c. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood until it is taken up to meet cellular needs. d. Blood glucose levels are primarily a result of the timing, quantity, and character of food intake. - ANSWER Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver. A 60-year-old man has presented to his nurse practitioner because of an earache that has become progressively more painful in recent days. After giving his history and having an examination with an otoscope, the man has been diagnosed with otitis externa. Which of the nurse practitioner's following statements to the man is most accurate? Question 4 options: a. "This likely happened because your ears aren't draining like they should, but antibiotics that you'll put in your ears will resolve this." b. "I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important not to use ear swabs." c. "I'm going to instill some warm water into your ear to flush out debris and bacteria." d. "You'll need to avoid getting any water in your ear until you finish your course of antibiotic pills." - ANSWER "I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important not to use ear swabs." A 4-year-old boy has had otitis media with effusion (OME) for several weeks and his condition has recently progressed to acute otitis media (AOM). Which of the following factors could have contributed to his AOM? Question 5 options: Exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Sensorineural deficits in the auditory control apparatus Accumulation of cerumen in the external acoustic meatus A deficiency in immunoglobulin G Reflux of fluid from the boy's nose into his middle ear - ANSWER Reflux of fluid from the boy's nose into his middle ear During descent, an airplane passenger is complaining that his "ears are plugged." What aspect of the structure and function of the ear best accounts for the passenger's complaint? Question 6 options: Air must be able to flow between the middle ear and the nasopharynx in order to accommodate pressure changes. The tympanic membrane is selectively permeable in order to accommodate pressure changes and this capacity is often impaired during upper respiratory infections. The eustachian tubes must remain patent to equalize pressure between the middle ea