Evolution Exam Review questions and answers well illustrated.

Evolution Exam Review questions and answers well illustrated. What is a scientific theory? - correct answers.A sceintific theory is a theory that explains scientific observations. Explain how the following people contributed to evolutionary thought: James Hutton - correct answers.James Hutton contributed to evolution by devleoping the theory of uniformitarianism. Things happenended gradually and not all at once. This held that the natural forces now changing the shape of the earth's surface have been operating in the past much the same way. In other words, the present is the key to understanding the past. Explain how the following people contributed to evolutionary thought: Archbishop James Ussher - correct answers.Archbishop James Ussher contributed to evolution by counting the generations of the Bible and adding them to modern history, he fixed the date of creation at October 23, 4004 B.C. Earth only 6000 years old. All organisms, including humans, were created in their present form relativelyvrecently and that they have remained unchanged since then. Explain how the following people contributed to evolutionary thought: Hebert Spencer - correct answers.Herbert Spencer contributed to evolution by using one of his books in the Principles series was, "Principles of Biology." It was in this book that he coined the phrase, "Survival of the Fittest" which quickly became a substitute for Darwin's phrase, "Natural Selection." Explain how the following people contributed to evolutionary thought: Carolus Linnaeus - correct answers.Bionomial naming system. The unchanging order of life created by a higher being. Did not believe in evolultion Explain how the following people contributed to evolutionary thought: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - correct answers.Jean-Baptiste Lamarck contributed to evolution by being the first evolutionist who confidently and very publicly stated his ideas. He believed that evolution was mostly due to the inheritance of acquired characteristics as creatures adapted to their environments. A bow legged cowboy would produce bow legged children. Explain how the following people contributed to evolutionary thought: George Cuvier - correct answers.George Cuvier contributed to evolution by not rejecting the idea that there had been earlier life forms. In fact, he was the first scientist to document extinctions of ancient animals However, he rejected the idea that their existence implied that evolution had occurred. Cuvier advocated the theory of catastrophism. This held that there have been violent and sudden natural catastrophes such as great floods. Plants and animals living in those parts of the world where such events occurred were often killed off according to Cuvier. Then new life forms moved in from other areas. As a result, the fossil record for a region shows abrupt changes in species. Cuvier's explanation relied solely on scientific evidence rather than biblical interpretation. Explain how the following people contributed to evolutionary thought: Thomas Malthus - correct answers.Thomas Malthus contributed to evolution by publishing "Essay on the Principles of Population". In it he observed that human populations will double every 25 years unless they are kept in check by limits in food supply. In 1838, Darwin read Malthus' essay and came to realize that all plant and animal populations have this same potential to rapidly increase their numbers unless they are constantly kept in check by predators, diseases, and limitations in food, water, and other resources that are essential for survival. Explain how the following people contributed to evolutionary thought: Charles Lyell - correct answers.Charles Lyell contributed to evolution by concluding that Cuvier's catastrophism theory was wrong. He believed that there primarily have been slower, progressive changes. In his three volume Principles of Geology (), Lyell documented the fact that the earth must be very old and that it has been subject to the same sort of natural processes in the past that operate today in shaping the land. These forces include erosion, earthquakes, glacial movements, volcanoes, and even the decomposition of plants and animals. Explain how the following people contributed to evolutionary thought: Charles Darwin - correct answers.Developed The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 1) Individuals within a species vary in many ways 2) Some of this variability can be inherited 3) Every generation produces far more offspring than can survive and pass on their variations 4) Populations of species tend to remain stable in size Explain how the following people contributed to evolutionary thought: Gregor Mendel. - correct answers.Gregor Mendel contributed to evolution by being "Father of Genetics" as he was the first one to grasp why changes in organisms occurred by the passing of traits by their parents through genetic information. Explain how passengers on a shipwrecked boat can aid in explaining evolution. - correct answers.Passengers on a shipwrecked boat can aid in explaining evolution because there is a small population and in order for that population to grow the people on the island need to reproduce with each other. The children will have characteristics that are similar to the parents. (Survival of the Fittest in a way). Evolution - correct answers.Evolution is the relative change in the characteristics of populations that occurs over successive generations. Adaptation - correct answers.Adaptation is a particular characteristic of an organism that allows them to survive in an environment and eventually reproduce. Survival of the Fittest - correct answers.Survival of the Fittest is where each time there is an environmental change, those individuals who cannot survive will die while those who can survive live to reproduce. Extinction - correct answers.Extinction is the wiping out of a species forever. Extinct Mechanisms - correct answers.Animals become extinct due to loss of habitat/environmental change, catastrophe, new predators or competition, disease, and hunting and collecting. Natural Selection - correct answers.Natural Selection is the process by which species adapt to their environment. Niche - correct answers.Niche is where a species lives. The position or function of an oraganism in a community of plants and animals. Mimicry - correct answers.Mimicry is the resemblance of an animals species to another species or to natural objects either by sound or apperance that provides concealment and pretection from predators. Phylogeny - correct answers.Phylogeny is a branch of biology that studied how species are related through common ancestry. Speciation - correct answers.Speciation is the formation of new species. A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed with each other under natural condietions and for viable offsprings. Mutation - correct answers.Mutation is any change in the sequence of DNA bases. A mutation can be at the DNA level, the gene level, or the chromosome level. Gene pool - correct answers.Gene Pool is the sume of all the possible traits that exist in a species. The larger the gene pool the more the traits, and the better chance a species has of surviving an environmental change. Gene pool becomes larger = more biodiversity and more genetic variation. What is so special about the Galapagos Islands? Where are they located? Why did Darwin visit the island? On what ship? Describe some interesting animals on the island the support evolutionary thought. - correct answers.The Galapogos Islands are a bunch of islands located in the Carribean Ocean. Darwin visited the islands to see how different species on the different islands adapted to fit the needs of that particular island. He traveled on the HMS Beagle. Some interesting animals on Galapogos island includes land iguanas, tortoises, cormorant, carpentor bees, woodpecker finches, frigate birds, sperm whale, finches, mangroves, galapogos fur seals, barber fish, garden eals, and nasca boobies. Explain how following evidences of evolution support the concept of evolution: fossils - correct answers.Fossils show the changes in lifeforms overtime, showing us how different animals changed over the years. Explain how following evidences of evolution support the concept of evolution: vestigial organs - correct answers.Vestigial Organs are structures where organs that don't have any function in an organism but did have function in that organism's ancestors. Evolution can give a good account of vestigial structures. There's no satisfactory reason for a creator to bother to create useless structures. Explain how following evidences of evolution support the concept of evolution: biogeographical evidence - correct answers.Biogeographical Evidence are structural organs that don't have any function in an organism but did have function in that organism's ancestors. Evolution can give a good account of vestigial structures via the mechanism described below or other similar ones. Contrast this with creationism: There's no satisfactory reason for a creator to bother to create useless structures. Explain how following evidences of evolution support the concept of evolution: Comparative Anatomy - correct answers.Comparative Anatomy is a concept that supports evolution because it shows us how the arms/legs of animals have devoloped in order too do what they do today. Explain how following evidences of evolution support the concept of evolution: Amino acid sequencing - correct answers.Amino Acid Sequencing in proteins, like nucleotide sequences in DNA, are unique to each species, but are similar amongst species of common ancestry, it shows us what species may or may not of been/looked like in the past.