Dunphy Ch 30: Infectious Respiratory Disorders Questions With Complete Solutions

What are upper respiratory infections (URIs)? correct answer: Common infectious diseases affecting the upper respiratory tract. What is the main cause of URIs? correct answer: Viruses, with bacteria causing about 25% of cases. How do URIs affect adults? correct answer: Source of discomfort, disability, and loss of productivity. How do URIs affect young children, immunocompromised individuals, and older adults? correct answer: Can cause morbidity and serious illnesses. What can complicate viral URIs in certain populations? correct answer: Bacterial superinfection. What is the difference between influenza (flu) and viral rhinitis (common cold)? correct answer: Flu is more severe, causes more hospitalizations, and leads to more deaths. What are some of the frequently occurring URIs? correct answer: Flu, common cold, and acute laryngitis. Who is most affected by the common cold? correct answer: Children younger than 5 years. How many URIs do children, adolescents, adults, and persons older than 65 years have on average per year? correct answer: Children: 3-8 URIs, Adolescents and adults: 2-4 URIs, Persons older than 65 years: fewer than 1 URI. What are the most common viral agents causing URIs? correct answer: Rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and coxsackieviruses. What is the incubation period for most viral URIs? correct answer: 1 to 4 days. What bacteria can cause URIs? correct answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. How common are community-acquired respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus? correct answer: More than 20 million primary care practitioner visits annually. What is the impact of Streptococcus infections on work and school? correct answer: Major cause of work and school absenteeism. What are some infections that occur predominantly in infants and younger children? correct answer: Acute epiglottitis and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. What can acute epiglottitis result in? correct answer: Complete or partial airway obstruction. What is acute laryngitis generally associated with? correct answer: A viral upper respiratory infection (URI). When do seasonal influenza epidemics occur? correct answer: Each year in the United States. How many persons in the United States are infected annually with the flu? correct answer: Approximately 8.5% or about 27 million persons per year. How many flu-related deaths were estimated during the 5-month influenza season from October 2020 to February 2022? correct answer: 1,400 to 3,900. Who is at greater risk for influenza-associated morbidity and mortality? correct answer: Older persons and infants/young children. When do most cases of influenza and colds occur? correct answer: During the winter and spring months. Why are older adults more prone to dying from influenza? correct answer: Due to coexisting pulmonary and/or cardiac problems.