psychology: lifespan Development Questions With Complete Solutions

Lifespan Development correct answer: It is the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan. Lifespan Development focuses on human development correct answer: 1) universal principles of development 2) Cultural, Racial, Ethnic differences 3) Individual traits & Characteristics Psychodynamic Theory correct answer: (Freud/Erikson) Theories proposing that development is largely determined by how well people resolve conflicts they face at different ages. Psychosocial Theory correct answer: (Erikson) Personality development is determined by the internal maturational plan & external societal demands. Neuroscience correct answer: The study of the brain & nervous system. Helps with understanding brain-behavior relationships. physical development correct answer: Involves the body's physical makeup, including the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep as a determinant of behavior. Cognitive Development correct answer: Involves the ways that growth and change in learning, memory, problem solvinf, and intelligence influence a person's behavior. Personality Development correct answer: Involves the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the lifespan. social Development correct answer: Is the way in which individual's interactions with others and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life. Social Construction correct answer: Is a shared notion of reality, one that is widely accepted but is a function of society and culture at a given time. Developmental Diversity correct answer: It is how Culture, Ethnicity, and Race Influence Development. One's Cohort correct answer: It is the group of people borne around the same time and same place. continuous change correct answer: Involves gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels. discontinuous change correct answer: It is development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages. Critical Period correct answer: Is a specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences. Sensitive Periods correct answer: As a point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimulis does not always produce irreversible consequences. Compare to early developmentalits , who focused on " infancy and adolescent" correct answer: Today the entire lifespan is seen as important for several reasons: 1) Growth and change countunie throughout life. 2) An important part of every person's environment is the other people around him or her, the person's social environment. Influence of Nature on Development correct answer: nature refers to traits, abilities, and capacities that are inherited from one's parent. Influence of Nuture on Development correct answer: What is a gene and its role in fetal development? correct answer: A unit of DNA which has the job on directing the manufacture of proteins for your body's use. monozygotic twins correct answer: twins who are genetically identical dizygotic twins correct answer: twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time teratogen correct answer: a factor that produces a birth defect germinal stage correct answer: characterized by methodical cell division and attachment of blastocyst to uteran wall; called a zygote; first two weeks following conception embryonic stage correct answer: 2-8 weeks following fertilization; called an embryo; 3 layers; ectoderm, endoderm, mesode fetal stage correct answer: 8 weeks-birth; called a fetus; increases in size dramatically; organs differentiated and operational neonate correct answer: term used for newborns first stage of labor correct answer: longest stage, uterine contractions occur every 8-10 minutes and last about 30 seconds second stage of labor correct answer: head travels through birth canal, lasts 90 min., after each contraction the babies' head emerges, episiotomy is sometimes made, baby is born third stage of labor correct answer: shortest stage, mother gives birth to placenta and umbilical cord oxytocin correct answer: a critical hormone released by the mother's pituitary gland and when concentration become high enough, mother's uterus begins periodic contractions Apgar scale and defining features correct answer: a standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns; appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration cephalocaudal principle correct answer: principle that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down the rest of the body proximodistal principle correct answer: principle that development proceeds from the center of the body outward reflexes correct answer: unlearned, organized, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli grasp reflex correct answer: when a finger is pressed in the middle of palm, newborn grasps it Babinski reflex correct answer: an infant fans out it's toes in response to a stroke on the outside of its foot rooting reflex correct answer: tendency to turn head towards things that touch its cheek Moro reflex correct answer: activated when supports for the head and neck is suddenly removed; the arms of the infant are thrust outward and then appear to grasp onto something id raw correct answer: unorganized, inborn part of personality that is present at birth; pleasure principle ego correct answer: rational and reasonable; buffer between real world outside of us and primitive id; reality principle superego correct answer: person's conscious, incorporating distinctions between right and wrong; develops around 5 or 6, learned from parents, teachers, and other significant figures behaviorism correct answer: development can be understood through studying observable behavior and environment stimuli who were the leading figures in behaviorism correct answer: John Watson, BF Skinner, Albert Bandura 1st stage of Erikson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development (includes stage, age range, and challenge) correct answer: Trust vs. Mistrust(birth-1 year)- To develop a sense that the world is safe 1st stage of Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development (includes stage, age, and characteristics) correct answer: Sensorimotor (Birth-2 years) Infant's knowledge of the world is based on senses and motor skills; by the end of the period, uses mental representation Vygotsky's Theory correct answer: (Cognitive) Development is influenced by culture. Bronfenbrenner's Theory correct answer: (Ecological and Systems) People develop in a series of interacting systems Cross-sectional Study correct answer: Study in which developmental differences are identified by testing people of different ages. Longitudinal Study correct answer: Research design in which the same individuals are observed or tested repeatedly at different points in their lives. Qualitative Research correct answer: Method involving gaining in-depth understanding of human behavior & what governs it. Naturalistic Observation correct answer: People are observed as they behave spontaneously in some real-life situation.