Science, Technology, and Society - C388 DUE 22 OCTOBER 2023

Science, Technology, and Society - C388 DUE 22 OCTOBER 2023 Precise - CORRECT ANSWER-pinch of salt, how close values are in a series. Accurate is how close the value is to the actual, correct value. accurate - CORRECT ANSWER-is how close the value is to the actual, correct value. accurate and precise - CORRECT ANSWER-graduated cylinder neither accurate nor precise - CORRECT ANSWER-using different lengths to measure something Isaac Newton - CORRECT ANSWER-(1665) laid the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining the law of gravity and the laws of motion. Louis Pasteur - CORRECT ANSWER-(1856) Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies, anthrax and other infectious diseases. Also invented the process of pasteurisation to make milk safer to drink. He probably saved more lives than any other person. Galileo - CORRECT ANSWER-(1609) Creating one of the first modern telescopes, Galileo revolutionised our understanding of the world, successfully proving the Earth revolves around the Sun and not the other way around. His work Two New Sciences laid the groundwork for the science of Kinetics and strength of materials. Marie Curie - CORRECT ANSWER-(1867) Polish physicist and chemist. Discovered radiation and helped to apply it in the field of X-ray. She won the Nobel Prize in both Chemistry and Physics. Albert Einstein - CORRECT ANSWER-(1917) Revolutionised modern physics with his general theory of relativity. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1921) for his discovery of the Photoelectric effect, which formed the basis of Quantum Theory. Charles Darwin - CORRECT ANSWER-Darwin developed his theory of evolution against a backdrop of disbelief and scepticism. He collected evidence over 20 years and published his conclusions in On the Origin of Species (1831). Otto Hahn - CORRECT ANSWER-Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclear fission (1939). He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radiochemistry and discovered radioactive elements and nuclear isomerism (1921). He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944. Nikola Tesla - CORRECT ANSWER-(1888) Tesla worked on electromagnetism and AC current. He is credited with many patents from electricity to radio transmission and played a key role in the development of modern electricity. James Clerk Maxwell - CORRECT ANSWER-(1861) Maxwell made great strides in understanding electromagnetism. His research in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum physics. Einstein said of Maxwell, "The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever." Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER-(384 BCE-322 BCE) A great early Greek scientist who made many types of research in the natural sciences including botany, zoology, physics, astronomy, chemistry, meteorology and geometry. Zhang heng - CORRECT ANSWER-Constructed first seismograph in 132 Archimedes - CORRECT ANSWER-(287-212 BCE) Greek mathematician and inventor. He wrote works on plane and solid geometry, arithmetic, and mechanics. He is best known for the lever and pulley. Ibn al-Haytham - CORRECT ANSWER-(965-1040) Muslim doctor who founded the science of optics Leonardo da Vinci - CORRECT ANSWER-(1503) Italian painter, engineer, musician, and scientist. The most versatile genius of the Renaissance, Leonardo filled notebooks with engineering and scientific observations that were in some cases centuries ahead of their time. As a painter Leonardo is best known for The Last Supper (c. 1495) and Mona Lisa (c. 1503). Nicolaus Copernicus - CORRECT ANSWER-(1520) Polish clergyman. Sun was the center of the universe; the planets went around it. On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres. Destroyed Aristotle's view of the universe - heliocentric theory. Robert Boyle - CORRECT ANSWER-Irish chemist who established that air has weight and whose definitions of chemical elements and chemical reactions helped to dissociate chemistry from alchemy (1661) Daniel Fahrenheit - CORRECT ANSWER-(1714) invented the mercury thermometer Anders Celsius - CORRECT ANSWER-Swedish astronomer who devised the centigrade thermometer (1742) Benjamin Franklin - CORRECT ANSWER-famous inventions belongs the lightning rod. In 1750 he started his experiments with electricity, and presumed that lightning is electricity Carl Linnaeus - CORRECT ANSWER-(1735) "Father of Taxonomy"; established his classification of living things; famous for animal naming system of binomial nomenclature Robert Hooke - CORRECT ANSWER-1660 coined the term "cell" Stephen Hawking - CORRECT ANSWER-(1988) proof of black holes; proved Einstein's theory of relativity; universe has no boundary Alexander Graham Bell - CORRECT ANSWER-1876 Invented the telephone Gregor Mendel - CORRECT ANSWER-1865 Father of genetics Thomas Edison - CORRECT ANSWER-1880 Invented the light bulb Leeuwenhoek - CORRECT ANSWER-1670's ; father of modern microbiology; first to observe living cells crick and watson - CORRECT ANSWER-1953 the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape of DNA Rosalind Franklin - CORRECT ANSWER-Woman who generated x-ray images of DNA, she provided Watson and Crick with key data about DNA Scientific law - CORRECT ANSWER-describes a generalization or pattern observed in the natural world, is based on many observations and is often expressed as a relationship. It does not provide an explanation for why a phenomenon occurred. Scientific theory - CORRECT ANSWER-offers an explanation for why a phenomenon occurred. It is well-supported explanations, based on abundant data. deductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER-reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.) Assertions - CORRECT ANSWER-statements of information valid assertions - CORRECT ANSWER-true statements inferences - CORRECT ANSWER-A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning inductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations. prediction