Elder Jr., G.H., Johnson, M.K., Crosnoe, R. (2003). The emergence and development of life
course theory. In J.T. Mortimer & M.J. Shanahan (eds.), Handbook of the Life Course (pp. 3-
19). Kluwer Academic/Plenum: New York.
Purpose: trace the evolution of life course study. Longitudinal needed
– What are their main arguments? (Critical?)
There was longitudinal research needed on life course study because of:
1. Maturation of early child development samples
2. The rapidity of social change Wars depression
3. Changes in population composition: imigratie how did affect life courses
4. Changing age structure of society: Demographic shifts as aging mortality how
do different age groups experience the life course
5. Growth of longitudinal research: allowing study of trajectories and cohorts
– What are the main (theoretical) concepts?
Trajectories, turning points, social pathways, cohort effect and period effect
– What did they test? What are the main results?
They provide an overview of the theoretical frame work and discuss the reasons for the rise of
life course research.
Principle of Life-Span Development gaat hele leven door en heft invloed
Principle of Agency zelf kiezen heft invloed op future trajectories
Principle of Time and Place historical times geographic culture influenced by this
Principle of Timing: invloed varys of timing of events
Principle of Linked Lives: invloed van interpersonal context op eigen leven
– What are the applications for theory?
– Theoretical Framework Development
– Understanding Human Development
– Principles of Life Course
- Consequenses Practice?
– Social Policies and Interventions:
– Education and Workforce Planning
- Health and Aging
- Family and Social Services
– Research and Data Collection
Hirschi, T. & Gottfredson, M. (1983). Age and the explanation of crime. American Journal of
Sociology, 89(3), 552-584.
, - What are their main arguments? (critical of traditional sociological explanations.
Here are their main arguments)
- Invariance of the Age Effect The relationship between age and crime is
consistent. Universal pattern. Peak in adolescence and decline over time.
- Critique of the Age-Crime Curve : is the assumption that motivates its youth to
assume adult roles and responsibilities. Age verdeeldheid of crime is consistend
regardless of the type of offense committed.
- Lack of Empirical Explanation social control no strain
- Direct Effect of Age on Crime
- Conceptualization of their Age Effect onset age desistance length criminal
career
- No Need for Longitudinal Studies declining of criminality is universal and
unchanging
– What are the main (theoretical) concepts?
Age effect: age is direct effect on crime
Invariance: consistent
Career Criminal: age of onset and desistance and length of a criminal career
Strain theory: Experience stress is getting criminal
Social control
Longitudinal studies: Track individuals over time
– What did they test? What are the main results?
– Invariance of the Age Effect:
– Critique of Traditional Explanations: no historical or social factors influence
and lack of empirical explanation
– Conceptualization of the Age Effect career criminal
– What are the implications for theory??
– Reevaluation of Criminological Theories social control and strain
– Conceptual Clarity
Practice?
Rehabilitation and Reentry Programs
Data Collection and Analysis
Youth Justice Practices
Adult en juveniles kunnen samen want de cause is toch t zelfde
Steffensmeier, D.J., Allan, E.A., Harer, M.D., & Streifel, C. (1989). Age and the distribution
of crime. American Journal of Sociology, 94(4), 803-831.
– What are their main arguments? (Critical?)
– The evidence on the age-crime relation over time and across offenses is sparse.
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