Sex and Gender, Sexism, Heterosexism, Intersectionality, Feminism, Gender Comparisons,
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(PSYC3480)
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York University (Ebor
)
This document provides a comprehensive summary of Chapter One in the "Psychology of Women" textbook, focusing primarily on key concepts related to gender and gender studies. It delves into fundamental theories and frameworks shaping the understanding of psychological aspects unique to women. The su...
Introduction (Chapter 1)
Created @October 19, 2022 2:14 PM
PSYC 3480
Type Reading
Reviewed
Sex and Gender:
Sex: a narrow term that typically refers only to those inborn biological characteristics
relating to reproduction, such as sex chromosomes or sex organs
Gender: the psychological characteristics and social categories that human culture creates
*** Doing gender means that we display gender in our social interactions and we perceive
gender in other people during those interactions.
Types of Stereotypes:
Sexism: bias against people on the basis of their gender (social behaviour, media
representations of women and men, and job discrimination.)
Racism: bias against people on the basis of racial or ethnic groups.
Classism: bias based on social class (income, occupation, education)
Ableism: bias against people with disabilities
Heterosexism/sexual prejudice: bias against anyone who is not exclusively heterosexual
(male-female romantic relationships should be considered normative, and therefore people
in same-gender relationships do not have the same rights and privileges)
Ageism: bias based on chronological age.
Intersectionality: emphasizes that each person belongs to multiple social groups, based on
categories such as ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and social class
Introduction (Chapter 1) 1
, Feminism: the principle that values women’s experiences and ideas; feminism also
emphasizes that women and men should be socially, economically, and legally equal
— Does not exclude males
— No male hating
Four Theoretical Approaches to Feminism:
1. Liberal Feminism: emphasizes the goal of gender equality:
— giving women and men the same rights and opportunities
— argue that people can achieve this goal by passing laws that guarantee equal rights for
women
— biological factors have a relatively small effect on gender differences
— believe that everyone benefits if we can reduce our culture’s rigid gender roles
2. Cultural Feminism: emphasizes the positive qualities that are presumed to be stronger
in women than in men :
— ex: nurturing, caretaking, …
— value women rather than gender similarities
3. Radical Feminism: basic cause of women’s oppression lies deep in the entire sex and
gender system, rather than in some superficial laws and policies:
— try to change policies on sexuality and on violence against women
— emphasize that sexism permeates our society, from the personal level in male-female
relationships to the national and international levels
4. Women-of-Color-Feminism: other three types of feminism overemphasize gender
— pay attention to other human dimensions such as ethnicity and social class
— ex: If we want to understand the experiences of a Black lesbian, we must begin with her
perspective, rather than initially focusing on European American lesbians and then “adding
difference and stirring
Introduction (Chapter 1) 2
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